For vaginal delivery in pharmacology, see Intravaginal administration.
Sequence of images showing the stages of a normal vaginal delivery (NVD)Sequence of images showing stages of an instrumental vaginal delivery
A vaginal delivery is the birth of offspring in mammals (babies in humans) through the vagina (also called the "birth canal").[1] It is the most common method of childbirth worldwide.[2] It is considered the preferred method of delivery, with lower morbidity and mortality than caesarean sections (C-sections).[3]
^Harman, T., Wakeford, A., Valeh, R., Halliday, K., Alto Films (Firm), & Kanopy (Firm).microbirth
^Cite error: The named reference :0 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Desai NM, Tsukerman A (2021). "Vaginal Delivery". StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing. PMID 32644623. Archived from the original on 2022-10-17. Retrieved 2021-08-30.
A vaginaldelivery is the birth of offspring in mammals (babies in humans) through the vagina (also called the "birth canal"). It is the most common method...
There are many issues which affect the decision for planned vaginal or planned abdominal delivery. There is a slightly higher risk for uterine rupture and...
parturition and delivery, is the completion of pregnancy where one or more babies exits the internal environment of the mother via vaginaldelivery or caesarean...
an incision in the mother's abdomen. It is often performed because vaginaldelivery would put the mother or child at risk. Reasons for the operation include...
forceps. Vacuum delivery as a percentage of vaginal births vary depending on location. In the USA they comprise about 10% to 15% of vaginal births while...
with previous caesarean deliveries have a risk of breech presentation at term twice that of women with previous vaginaldeliveries. The highest possible...
perineotomy, is a surgical incision of the perineum and the posterior vaginal wall generally done by an obstetrician. This is usually performed during...
may be exposed after vaginaldelivery. The hymen is a thin layer of mucosal tissue that surrounds or partially covers the vaginal opening. The effects...
Vaginal discharge is a mixture of liquid, cells, and bacteria that lubricate and protect the vagina. This mixture is constantly produced by the cells...
Shoulder dystocia is when, after vaginaldelivery of the head, the baby's anterior shoulder gets caught above the mother's pubic bone. Signs include retraction...
(pH 3.8–4.5), a vaginal pH test showing a pH of more than 4.5 strengthens a suspicion of rupture of membranes in case of clear vaginal discharge in pregnancy...
disability, as compared with planned vaginaldelivery. In this study, 44% of the women planned for vaginaldelivery still ended up having Cesarean section...
abruptions or those that occur near term, delivery may be recommended. If everything is stable, vaginaldelivery may be tried, otherwise cesarean section...
women who have not had a vaginaldelivery, the external opening is small and circular, and in women who have had a vaginaldelivery, it is slit-like. On average...
pelvic floor occurs during a vaginaldelivery. Approximately 85% of women have some perineal tear during a vaginaldelivery and in about 69% suturing is...
previous delivery One point is subtracted from the total score for: Postdate/post-term pregnancy Nulliparity (no previous vaginaldeliveries) PPROM; preterm...
of delivery (EDD), also known as expected date of confinement, and estimated due date or simply due date, is a term describing the estimated delivery date...
vaginal delivery is possible. RCOG recommends that the placenta should be at least 2 cm away from internal os for an attempted vaginaldelivery. When a...
position of the fetal head. Possible delivery methods, if this is the case, are compound presentation, vaginal breech delivery, or caesarean section for breech...
treatment are generally good. Rates of endometritis are about 2% following vaginaldelivery, 10% following scheduled C-section, and 30% with rupture of membranes...
other factors, such as considerations of pain in vaginaldelivery and the effects of childbirth on vaginal muscle tone. Until recently,[when?] an elective...
has been found that infants born via vaginaldelivery have microbiomes closely mirroring that of the mother's vaginal microbiome, whereas those born via...
The vaginal flora in pregnancy, or vaginal microbiota in pregnancy, is different from the vaginal flora (the population of microorganisms that resides...
indicates induction of labor is favorable and the possibility of a vaginaldelivery with induction will be similar to spontaneous labor. Cervical effacement...
previous vaginaldelivery because the muscles and ligaments of the birth canal provide less resistance during second and subsequent deliveries. In these...
possibly bad-smelling vaginal discharge. It usually occurs after the first 24 hours and within the first ten days following delivery. The most common infection...
plan. Midwives are qualified to assist with a normal vaginaldelivery while more complicated deliveries are handled by a health care provider who has had...
heavily on pelvimetry in the conduct of delivery in order to decide if natural or operative vaginaldelivery was possible or if and when to use a cesarean...
Vaginal rings (also known as intravaginal rings, or V-Rings) are polymeric drug delivery devices designed to provide controlled release of drugs for intravaginal...
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