β2 adrenoceptor (PDB: 2rh1) shown binding carazolol (yellow) on its extracellular site. β2 stimulates cells to increase energy production and utilization. The membrane the receptor is bound to in cells is shown with a gray stripe.
The adrenergic receptors or adrenoceptors are a class of G protein-coupled receptors that are targets of many catecholamines like norepinephrine (noradrenaline) and epinephrine (adrenaline) produced by the body, but also many medications like beta blockers, beta-2 (β2) agonists and alpha-2 (α2) agonists, which are used to treat high blood pressure and asthma, for example.
Many cells have these receptors, and the binding of a catecholamine to the receptor will generally stimulate the sympathetic nervous system (SNS). The SNS is responsible for the fight-or-flight response, which is triggered by experiences such as exercise or fear-causing situations. This response dilates pupils, increases heart rate, mobilizes energy, and diverts blood flow from non-essential organs to skeletal muscle. These effects together tend to increase physical performance momentarily.
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The adrenergicreceptors or adrenoceptors are a class of G protein-coupled receptors that are targets of many catecholamines like norepinephrine (noradrenaline)...
and β3 receptors.: 153 β1-adrenergicreceptors are located mainly in the heart and in the kidneys. β2-adrenergicreceptors are located mainly in the lungs...
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Adrenergic means "working on adrenaline (epinephrine) or noradrenaline (norepinephrine)" (or on their receptors). When not further qualified, it is usually...
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Beta-blockers can block beta-1 adrenergicreceptors and/or beta-2 adrenergicreceptors. Those that block beta-1-adrenergicreceptors prevent the binding of endogenous...
direct-acting (direct interaction between drug and receptor), such as α-adrenergic agonists, β-adrenergic agonists, and dopaminergic agonists; or indirect-acting...
are a class of pharmacological agents that act as antagonists on α-adrenergicreceptors (α-adrenoceptors). Historically, alpha-blockers were used as a tool...
pathways of adrenergicreceptors. However, there are exceptions: clonidine is an adrenergic agonist at the α2 receptor; since this receptor is located...
mouth and has a minimal effect on cardiac function due to its α1-adrenergicreceptor selectivity. When prazosin is started, however, heart rate and contractility...
during breastfeeding. It works by blocking the activation of β- and α-adrenergicreceptors. Labetalol was patented in 1966 and came into medical use in 1977...
mediated by alpha-adrenergicreceptor activation. Our understanding of the mechanism of drug-induced receptor activation and receptor theory and the biochemical...
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