Chinese writing, culture and institutions were imported as a whole by Vietnam, Korea, Japan and other neighbouring states over an extended period. Chinese Buddhism spread over East Asia between the 2nd and 5th centuries AD, followed by Confucianism as these countries developed strong central governments modelled on Chinese institutions.
In Vietnam and Korea, and for a shorter time in Japan and the Ryukyus, scholar-officials were selected using examinations on the Confucian classics modelled on the Chinese civil service examinations.[1]
Shared familiarity with the Chinese classics and Confucian values provided a common framework for intellectuals and ruling elites across the region.[2]
All of this was based on the use of Literary Chinese, which became the medium of scholarship and government across the region.
Although each of these countries developed vernacular writing systems and used them for popular literature, they continued to use Chinese for all formal writing until it was swept away by rising nationalism around the end of the 19th century.[3]
During the 20th century, several Japanese historians grouped these three countries with China as an East Asian cultural realm.
According to Sadao Nishijima [ja], it was characterized by Chinese writing, Mahayana Buddhism in Chinese translation, Confucianism and Chinese legal codes.[4]
The concept of an "East Asian world" has seen little interest from scholars in the other countries following its appropriation by Japanese militarists in terms such as the "Greater East Asia Co-prosperity Sphere".[5]
Nishijima is also credited with coining the expressions Kanji bunka-ken (漢字文化圏, 'Chinese-character culture sphere') and Chūka bunka-ken (中華文化圏, 'Chinese culture sphere'), which were later borrowed into Chinese.[a]
The four countries are also referred to as the "Sinic World" by some authors.[7]
^Fogel (1997), p. 686.
^Reischauer (1974), p. 342.
^Kornicki (2011), pp. 75–77.
^Xiong (2006), p. 302.
^Wang (2002), p. 322.
^Mair, Victor (2012). "Sinophone and Sinosphere". Language Log.
^Reischauer (1974).
Cite error: There are <ref group=lower-alpha> tags or {{efn}} templates on this page, but the references will not show without a {{reflist|group=lower-alpha}} template or {{notelist}} template (see the help page).
and 29 Related for: Adoption of Chinese literary culture information
as LiteraryChinese. Thus the written style, based on the Old Chineseof the classical period, remained largely static as the various varieties of Chinese...
Chinese civilization may refer to: The country ChinaChineseculture Greater China History ofChina Zhonghua minzu Sinosphere AdoptionofChinese literary...
changes in the varieties ofChinese are not reflected in the literary form. Due to millennia of this evolution, LiteraryChinese is only partially intelligible...
"Greater China and Taiwan" to refer to the market. AdoptionofChineseliteraryculture Bamboo network Chinese expansionism Chinese imperialism Chinese irredentism...
Transcription into Chinese, though standards vary by polity. Sinicization, specifically adoptionofChineseliteraryculture Latinisation of names Semitic...
Chinese tea culture (simplified Chinese: 中国茶文化; traditional Chinese: 中國茶文化; pinyin: zhōngguó chá wénhuà; lit. 'Chinese tea culture') includes all facets...
characters based on their aesthetic appearance. AdoptionofChineseliteraryculture Yee, Chiang (2014). "Chinese Calligraphy". Encyclopædia Britannica. Lei...
from China Silk Road Sinocentrism Zheng He AdoptionofChineseliteraryculture General: Suzerainty Tributary state Tribute Gundry, R. S. "China and her...
as one of the nations of the world.[citation needed] China portal History portal Asia portal Politics portal AdoptionofChineseliteraryculture Afrocentrism...
vernacular Chinese, also known as baihua, comprises forms of written Chinese based on the vernacular varieties of the language spoken throughout China. It is...
Chinese characters are logographs used to write the Chinese languages and others from regions historically influenced by Chineseculture. Chinese characters...
Peranakan Chinese (/pəˈrɑːnəˌkɑːn, -kən/) are an ethnic group defined by their genealogical descent from the first waves of Southern Chinese settlers to...
influenced by Chineseculture, borrowing the written language, arts, religions, philosophy and models of government administration from China, and, in the...
which consist of four Chinese characters. Chengyu were widely used in LiteraryChinese and are still common in written vernacular Chinese writing and in...
Applied by the Chinese contemptuously to foreigners. 4. An uncultured person, or one who has no sympathy with literaryculture. †5. A native of Barbary. [See...
Written Chinese is a writing system that uses Chinese characters and other symbols to represent the Chinese languages. Chinese characters do not directly...
Chinese Empire (or Empire ofChina) is a term referring to the realm ruled by the Emperor ofChina during the era known as Imperial China. It was coined...
"Adaptation and Resistance to ChineseLiterary Hegemony: Korea and Japan". International Journal of Politics, Culture, and Society. 8 (3): 468. ISSN 0891-4486...
during the process of colonization. Related processes on an individual level include assimilation (adoptionof a different culture by an individual) and...
(simplified Chinese: 新加坡华语; traditional Chinese: 新加坡華語; pinyin: Xīnjiāpō Huáyǔ) is a variety of Mandarin Chinese spoken natively in Singapore. It is one of the...
Hong Kong written Chinese (HKWC) is a local variety of written Chinese used in formal written communication in Hong Kong and Macao. The common Hongkongese...
compared in Chineseliterary scholarship. Confucianism dominated literary tastes in Ancient China starting in the Warring States period. The sayings of Confucius...
Chinese (simplified Chinese: 汉语; traditional Chinese: 漢語; pinyin: Hànyǔ; lit. 'Han language' or 中文; Zhōngwén; 'Chinese writing') is a group of languages...
The cultureof Cuba is a complex mixture of different, often contradicting, factors and influences. The Cuban people and their customs are based on European...
fashion sensibilities ofChineseculture traditions and forms one of the major cultural facets ofChinese civilization. Ancient Chinese literature traditionally...