L1: 3.0 million (2019)[1] L2: 2.7 million (2019)[1]
Language family
Niger–Congo?
Atlantic–Congo
Senegambian
Fula–Wolof
Fula
Eastern
Adamawa Fulfulde
Dialects
Bilkiri
Garoua
Maroua
Ngaondéré
Mbororoore
Writing system
Arabic (Ajami) Latin
Language codes
ISO 639-3
fub
Glottolog
adam1253
Adamawa Fulfulde is a variety of the Fula language. It is spoken mainly in Cameroon but also by significant communities residing in Nigeria, Chad, and Sudan by Fulani pastoralists across the Sahel. It is also known as Eastern Fulfulde and by various other names including Boulbe, Dzemay, Fula, Fulfulde, Mbororo, Palata, Peul etc.[2]
Adamawa Fulfulde was originally brought to Cameroon in the early parts of the 19th century during a religious war (Jihad) that was launched by Usman dan Fodio from Northern Nigeria.[3] It was originally used as a trade language, however since the arrival of Christian missionaries in the latter half of the 19th century in 1885 to the area in what is now Northern Cameroon and Northern Nigeria, Adamawa Fulfulde became a language widely used in churches and is now used as a Language Of Wider Communication (LWC) in 3 regions of Cameroon.[4][5]
It is a Atlantic language that belongs to the Niger-Congo language family. The speakers of the language are the Fulani people. The language itself is divided into a number of sub-dialects: Maroua, Garoua, Ngaondéré, Kambariire, Mbororoore, Bilkiri and Gombe.[6]
In Sudan, the language is spoken mainly in Blue Nile, Gedaref, and Sennar states with some communities of speakers also found in North Kordofan and South Kordofan states. In South Sudan, it is spoken in Western Bahr el Ghazal state by Ambororo cattle herders. In Chad, it is spoken in Lac Léré Department in the Mayo-Kebbi Ouest Region. In Nigeria, it is spoken in Adamawa and Taraba states. While in Cameroon the language is widespread across the Far North and Northern regions of the country.[6]
Adamawa Fulfulde has the Morphological imperative in which words are divided into second singular and second plural,[7] and like many of the languages of the Fula dialect continuum and Niger-Congo language family, Adamawa Fulfulde has a system of noun classes and marks plurals by mutating the initial consonant of a word.[8] The word order for Adamawa Fulfulde is SOV (Subject-Object-Verb).[9]
^ abcAdamawa Fulfulde at Ethnologue (26th ed., 2023)
^"OLAC resources in and about the Adamawa Fulfulde language". www.language-archives.org.
^VerEecke, Catherine (1994). "The Slave Experience in Adamawa: Past and Present Perspectives from Yola (Nigeria) (Une approche historique de l'esclavage dans l'Adamawa du XIXe siècle à nos jours)". Cahiers d'Études Africaines. 34 (133/135): 28–29. doi:10.3406/cea.1994.2039. ISSN 0008-0055. JSTOR 4392512.
^Eberhard, David M.; Simons, Gary F.; Fennig, Charles D. (December 9, 2023). "Ethnologue: Languages of the World". SIL International.
^Kouega, Jean-Paul (2007). A Dictionary of Cameroon English Usage. Peter Lang. p. 27. ISBN 978-3-03911-027-8.
AdamawaFulfulde is a variety of the Fula language. It is spoken mainly in Cameroon but also by significant communities residing in Nigeria, Chad, and...
Systems of Fula General Introduction webPulaaku Listen to a sample of AdamawaFulfulde from Global Recordings Network Adlam alphabet Fula on the web Below...
has 40–50% intelligibility with AdamawaFulfulde and is most similar to Central-Eastern Niger Fulfulde. Nigerian Fulfulde is thought to have originated...
(Adamawa Region) and Nigeria (Adamawa State) is referred to as AdamawaFulfulde. the writing conventions of writing in the Arabic script for Adamawa Fulfulde...
aspect, and mood. Bagirmi Fulfulde shares core grammatical features with other varieties of Fula, such as Pulaar and AdamawaFulfulde spoken in different regions...
Persian ντουνιάς (duniás) in Modern Greek duniya in Hausa duniyaaru in AdamawaFulfulde duniah in Wakhi, dunia in Malay, Swahili and Indonesian donya in Javanese...
in AdamawaFulfulde, because it represented the most southern and eastern reaches of Fulɓe hegemonic dominance in West Africa. In this area, Fulfulde is...
The Adamawa Region (French: Région de l'Adamaoua) is a constituent region of the Republic of Cameroon. It borders the Centre and East regions to the south...
sometimes even trilingual. In Borno, they speak Kanuri, while in Adamawa, they speak Fulfulde, both of which are dominant languages in their respective states...
FUB may refer to: AdamawaFulfulde language Free University of Berlin, in Germany Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, in Bolzano, Italy Free University of...
languages. This latter group comprises one Senegambian language (Fulfulde), 28 Adamawa languages, and 142 Benue–Congo languages (130 of which are Bantu...
and was buried in Yola leaving behind his writings both in Arabic and Fulfulde, and a large scholarly community of his sons, daughters, students and associates...
palatalized. This process does not affect loanwords, e.g. [nɛ̀bɐ̄m] 'oil' (from Fulfulde nebbam) or [lɛ̀kʷól] 'school' (from French l'école). Some loanwords have...
Duli (Gewe, Gueve, Gey) is an extinct Adamawa language of northern Cameroon. Blench (2004) links Duli to the extinct Gey (Gewe) language; Glottolog states...
𞤂𞤢𞤥𞤭𞤦𞤫) is the Anglicisation of a term from the Fula language or Fulfulde, used to refer to a ruler. In the language it is properly laamiiɗo (𞤂𞤢𞥄𞤥𞤭𞥅𞤯𞤮...
Gur, Kwa, Benue–Congo and Adamawa–Ubangi. Mande is represented by the Busa cluster and Kyenga in the northwest. Fulfulde is the single Atlantic language...
became widespread. Arabic, Hausa and Fulfulde languages saw a revival of poetry, and Islam was taught in Hausa and Fulfulde. In 1815, Usman moved to Sokoto...
north by Bauchi state for 54 km and Gombe state for 58 km, northeast by Adamawa state for about 366 km and south by Northwest Region in Cameroon for about...
language formerly spoken in Nigeria in Adamawa State, near the Cameroon border. Speakers switched to Nigerian Fulfulde. Holma people were believed to be of...
Doyayo (ethnonym: Dowayo) is a language of the Duru branch of Adamawa languages spoken in Cameroon. Doyayo (Doo²³ya̰a̰¹yɔ¹ 'man's mouth'; alternatively...
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