near Crete 35°00′N23°00′E / 35.0°N 23.0°E / 35.0; 23.0[2]
Fault
Unknown (HSZ)
Areas affected
Mediterranean Basin
Max. intensity
MMI XI (Extreme)[2]
Tsunami
Yes
Casualties
"many thousands"[2][3]
The 365 Crete earthquake occurred at about sunrise on 21 July 365 in the Eastern Mediterranean,[4][5] with an assumed epicentre near Crete.[6] Geologists today estimate the undersea earthquake to have been a moment magnitude 8.5 or higher.[5] It caused widespread destruction in the central and southern Diocese of Macedonia (modern Greece), Africa Proconsularis (northern Libya), Egypt, Cyprus, Sicily,[7] and Hispania (Spain).[8] On Crete, nearly all towns were destroyed.[5]
The earthquake was followed by a tsunami which devastated the southern and eastern coasts of the Mediterranean, particularly Libya, Alexandria, and the Nile Delta, killing thousands and hurling ships 3 km (1.9 mi) inland.[3] The quake left a deep impression on the late antique mind, and numerous writers of the time referred to the event in their works.[9]
^Stiros, S. C. (2010). "The 8.5+ magnitude, AD365 earthquake in Crete: Coastal uplift, topography changes, archaeological and historical signature". Quaternary International. 216 (1–2): 54–63. Bibcode:2010QuInt.216...54S. doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2009.05.005.
^ abcNational Geophysical Data Center (1972). "Comments for the Significant Earthquake". National Centers for Environmental Information. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. doi:10.7289/V5TD9V7K. Retrieved 29 March 2022.
^Today in Earthquake History Archived 2007-03-25 at the Wayback Machine
^ abcStiros 2001, p. 545
^Stiros 2001, p. 546, fig. 1
^Stiros 2001, pp. 558–560, app. B
^Moreno, M. E., Los estudios de sismicidad histórica en Andalucía: Los terremotos históricos de la Provincia de Almería(PDF), Instituto Andaluz de Geofísica y Prevención de Desastres Sísmicos, pp. 124–126
^For summaries of the sources, see: Stiros 2001, pp. 557f., app. A
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