Best graduate of the Chinese Imperial examinations
Zhuangyuan
Imperial exam paper of Ming dynasty Zhuangyuan Zhao Bing-zhong in 1598 AD
Chinese name
Traditional Chinese
狀元
Simplified Chinese
状元
Hanyu Pinyin
zhuàngyuán
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu Pinyin
zhuàngyuán
Wade–Giles
chuang-yüan
IPA
[ʈʂwâŋ.yǎn]
Vietnamese name
Vietnamese alphabet
trạng nguyên
Chữ Hán
狀元
Zhuangyuan, or trạng nguyên in Vietnamese, variously translated into English as principal graduate, primus, or optimus,[1] was the title given to the scholar who achieved the highest score on highest level of the Imperial examination, 省試 [ja] (in the Tang dynasty) and 殿試 [zh] (in the Song dynasty)[2] in ancient China and Vietnam.
In China, Fu Shanxiang is known as the first (and last) female zhuangyuan (nü zhuangyuan) in Chinese history, but under the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, not the regular imperial exams. After the Taipings captured the city of Nanjing, they offered an exam for women in January 1853 in which Fu attained the highest score.[3]
In Vietnam, the first de facto trạng nguyên was Lê Văn Thịnh, a Lý dynasty scholar. He was the chief negotiator who persuaded the Song to return the 6 districts of Quảng Nguyên (today Hà Giang province) to Vietnam. Nevertheless, the first Vietnamese person to be trạng nguyên was in fact Khương Công Phụ under Chinese Tang Dynasty. The first female trạng nguyên (nữ trạng nguyên) was Nguyễn Thị Duệ, who later become a consort of the Mạc Emperor Mạc Kính Cung. She had previously been a consort of the Lê Emperor Lê Thần Tông, and would serve as an official in the Revival Lê dynasty after the fall of the Mạc dynasty.[citation needed] Under Nguyễn Dynasty, the title trạng nguyên was not officially abolished, yet its standards were too high that it was virtually unachievable.[4]
^*Hucker, Charles O. (1985). Dictionary of Official Titles of Imperial China. Stanford: Stanford University Press. p. 187.
^萧源锦,《狀元史話》,重庆出版社,1992,ISBN 7-5366-1648-1
^Mao (1998), p. 43.
^"Triều Nguyễn có đặt ra lệ "Bất lập Trạng Nguyên" không?". 23 November 2017.
Zhuangyuan, or trạng nguyên in Vietnamese, variously translated into English as principal graduate, primus, or optimus, was the title given to the scholar...
Zhuangyuan Subdistrict may refer to: Zhuangyuan Subdistrict, Qixia, Shandong, China Zhuangyuan Subdistrict, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China Zhuangyuan, top finisher...
given a year. The highest scoring jinshi in the country was known as the zhuangyuan, a term that survives today as a high scoring gaokao test taker or just...
candidates. Fu Shanxiang took the exam and became the first (and last) female zhuangyuan in Chinese history. By the 1830s and 1840s, proposals emerged from officials...
tutor who lived in the Qing dynasty. In 1856, he obtained the position of zhuangyuan (or top scholar) in the imperial examination and was subsequently admitted...
which were given the names of winners in ancient imperial examinations: zhuangyuan, bangyan, tanhua, jinshi, juren and xiucai.These are also known as "One...
mother is buried under the pagoda, Xu Mengjiao earns the position of zhuangyuan (top scholar) in the imperial examination and returns home in glory to...
The Volga Manor (Chinese: 伏尔加庄园; pinyin: Fú'ěrjiā Zhuāngyuán) is a theme park in Harbin, a Chinese city in Heilongjiang Province with strong Russian influence...
He was born in Zhaoqing, modern-day Guangdong, and was the youngest Zhuangyuan of the imperial examinations during the Tang Dynasty. He became known...
banyan, two branches of bamboo, two branches of peach, two branches of Zhuangyuan bamboo (状元竹), two pomegranate flowers and two grasses soaked in water...
135 m (443 ft) long and 8.5 m (28 ft) wide. A Chinese pavilion named "Zhuangyuan Pavilion" (状元楼) or "Kuixing Pavilion" (魁星阁) on the bridge. Zhusheng Bridge...
beings. He committed suicide upon being unfairly stripped of his title of "Zhuangyuan" (top-scorer) of the Imperial Examinations by the emperor, due to his...
achievement of top honors in the major exams, his rightful title of "Zhuangyuan" (top-scorer) was stripped from him by the then emperor because of his...
institutions throughout the Song Dynasty as Fuzhou produced 10 Fuzhounese zhuangyuan scholars (scholar who is ranked the top first place in the imperial examinations)...
a tradition of bureaucratic service. His father, Wang Hua, was first (Zhuangyuan, 狀元) in the Imperial Examination of 1481, and rose to become the vice-minister...
their GCE A-Levels, 75/75 in the Taiwan GSAT, 45/45 in IB, and 16 5** Zhuangyuan (狀元) (the top Gaokao scoring students in their province or city in mainland...
Qing dynasty in the 1850s. Fu is known as the first (and last) female Zhuangyuan in Chinese history (though her examinations were under the Taiping Heavenly...
were males, among them 25 are graduates of Nanjing University, including Zhuangyuan (principal graduate) Chow Bangdao, who was later president of China Medical...
as the senior compiler in the Hanlin Academy (翰林院修撰). He was the first zhuangyuan from Fujian during the Qing dynasty. Two years later, the Chinese Qing...
the Pearl Tower secretly to Fangqin. So latterly, Fangqin became the Zhuangyuan. There are 55 bridges in the town of Tongli. The most famous are the three...