Highest award for the imperial examinations of China
For other uses, see Jinshi (disambiguation).
This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these template messages)
This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "Jinshi" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR(August 2018) (Learn how and when to remove this message)
Some of this article's listed sources may not be reliable. Please help improve this article by looking for better, more reliable sources. Unreliable citations may be challenged and removed.(August 2018) (Learn how and when to remove this message)
(Learn how and when to remove this message)
Wang Qiong of Ming in his Jinshi attire
Jinshi
Chinese name
Traditional Chinese
進士
Simplified Chinese
进士
Literal meaning
"entered scholar"
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu Pinyin
jìnshì
Wade–Giles
chin⁴-shih⁴
IPA
[tɕînʂɻ̩̂]
Yue: Cantonese
Yale Romanization
jeun sih
Jyutping
zeon3 si6
IPA
[tsɵn˧siː˨]
Vietnamese name
Vietnamese alphabet
Tiến sĩ
Chữ Hán
進士
Jinshi (Chinese: 進士; pinyin: jìnshì) was the highest and final degree in the imperial examination in Imperial China.[1][2] The examination was usually taken in the imperial capital in the palace, and was also called the Metropolitan Exam. Recipients are sometimes referred to in English-language sources as Imperial Scholars.[3]
The jinshi degree was first created after the institutionalization of the civil service exam. Initially it had been "for six categories" but was later consolidated into a single degree. This system first appeared during the Han dynasty (206 BC – AD 220).[2] Throughout the Tang dynasty, every year around one to two percent of test takers would obtain a jinshi title out of a total of one to two thousand test takers.[4]
The numbers of Jinshi degrees given out were increased in the Song dynasty, and the examinations were given every three years. Most senior officials of the Song dynasty were jinshi holders.[5]
The Ming dynasty resumed the civil-service exam after its occurrence became more irregular in the Yuan dynasty. After the reign of the Emperor Yingzong of Ming, it became the rule that only jinshi holders could enter the Hanlin Academy. On average around 89 jinshi per year were conferred.[6]
During the Qing dynasty around 102 jinshi degrees were given a year.
The highest scoring jinshi in the country was known as the zhuangyuan, a term that survives today as a high scoring gaokao test taker or just someone who is very good at a skill.
^The Chinese Imperial Examination System: An Annotated Bibliography.
^ abHagras, Hamada (2019-12-20). "The Ming Court as Patron of the Chinese Islamic Architecture: The Case Study of the Daxuexi Mosque in Xi'an". SHEDET (6): 134–158. doi:10.36816/shedet.006.08.
^"Scholar-Officials of China | Essay | The Metropolitan Museum of Art | Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History". The Met’s Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. Retrieved 2023-10-06.
^Fu, Zhengyuan. Autocratic Tradition and Chinese Politics. p. 98.
Jinshi (Chinese: 進士; pinyin: jìnshì) was the highest and final degree in the imperial examination in Imperial China. The examination was usually taken...
and the date of receiving the jinshi degree is often a key biographical datum: sometimes the date of achieving jinshi is the only firm date known for...
The Jinshi Lake (Golden Lion Lake, Chinese: 金獅湖; pinyin: Jīnshī Hú) is a lake in Sanmin District, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. The lake used to be known as Dapi...
lady-in-waiting and poison taste-tester for one of the Emperor's concubines. While Jinshi is in love with her, she does not reciprocate at all, often looking at him...
Doujinshi (同人誌), also romanized as dōjinshi, is the Japanese term for self-published print works, such as magazines, manga, and novels. Part of a wider...
Buddha-inspired statue of Donald Trump by Chinese furniture maker and artist Hong Jinshi. The statue depicts Donald Trump in a Buddhist robe sitting in a cross-legged...
Jinshi City (Chinese: 津市市; pinyin: Jīnshì Shì) is a county-level city in Hunan Province, China, it is under the administration of the prefecture-level...
Bai Jinshi (Chinese: 白金石; born May 18, 1999) is a Chinese chess Grandmaster. Born in Jilin, Bai won the Under 10 section of the World Youth Chess Championships...
Fan Jinshi (Chinese: 樊锦诗; born July 1938) is a Chinese archaeologist and heritage specialist who served as director of the Dunhuang Research Academy between...
Xuanying (玄英), was a Tang dynasty poet. Fang's father, Fang Su (方肅), was a jinshi and Hangzhou-based magistrate who founded the Fang Clan of White Cloud (白雲方氏)...
Qin Yong San Sun (三隼) General of Jinshi. Zhou Kui Helian Lie (赫连烈) Helian Zheng's Uncle, and the previous Jinshi King's twin brother, also self-proclaimed...
Sichuan, was Qing Dynasty Jinshi and early period positive reformist philosopher of China. In Guangxu 12th year (1886), he became Jinshi of Dynasty court then...
Omiya no Tsubone daughter of Fujiwara no Chikayoshi [ja] (b. 1211) Kujō Jinshi (1210-1259) Konoe Kanetsune (d. 1308) Taira no Muneko [ja] (1220–1272) Emperor...
Wen Lin, passed the imperial examination with the highest possible rank, jinshi. Wen Lin was assigned a government position as a magistrate in Yongjia County...
14104954 1990-07-13 2014 Ukraine M title application; currently Israel Bai Jinshi 8602280 1999-05-18 Jilin 2015 China M title application Bailet, Pierre 655830...
and the date of receiving the jinshi degree is often a key biographical datum: sometimes the date of achieving jinshi is the only firm date known for...
studies at the prestigious South Changsha Academy in 1893, and received his Jinshi degree when he was only 22 years old. In 1898 Huang Xing was selected to...
Global Information
