A page from Zhu fan zhi, with description of Jiaozhi.
Zhu Fan Zhi (simplified Chinese: 诸蕃志; traditional Chinese: 諸蕃志; pinyin: Zhū Fān Zhì; Wade–Giles: Chu-fan-chi), variously translated as A Description of Barbarian Nations, Records of Foreign People,[1] or other similar titles,[2][3][4] is a 13th-century Song Dynasty work by Zhao Rukuo. The work is a collection of descriptions of countries and various products from outside China, and it is considered an important source of information on the people, customs and in particular the traded commodities of many countries in South East Asia and around the Indian Ocean during the Song Dynasty.[5]
^Peter Francis (30 June 2002). Asia's Maritime Bead Trade: 300 B.C. to the Present. University of Hawai'i Press. p. 73. ISBN 978-0824823320.
^Shirley Fish (18 May 2011). The Manila-Acapulco Galleons : The Treasure Ships of the Pacific. AuthorHouse. p. 103. ISBN 9781456775438.
^Laura Hostetler (2008). Qing Colonial Enterprise: Ethnography and Cartography in Early Modern China. Brill. p. 233. ISBN 978-9004165076.
^Yongxiang Lu, ed. (2014). A History of Chinese Science and Technology, Volume 2. Springer. p. 289. ISBN 9783662441664.
^Derek Heng Thiam Soon (June 2001). "The Trade in Lakawood Products between South China and the Malay World from the Twelfth to Fifteenth Centuries AD". Journal of Southeast Asian Studies. 32 (2): 133–149. doi:10.1017/s0022463401000066. JSTOR 20072321.
and writer during the Song dynasty. He wrote a two-volume book titled ZhuFanZhi. The book deals with the world known to the Chinese in the twelfth and...
when he gives a geographical overview of Egypt. It was described in the Zhufanzhi ("Records of Foreign Peoples") by Zhao Rugua (1170–1228), a Chinese customs...
statue is Mraten Sri Nano. According to the Chinese Song dynasty book ZhuFanZhi, written around 1225 by Zhao Rugua, the two most powerful and richest...
(藍里) in Lingwai Daida by Zhou Qufei in 1178, later Lanwuli (藍無里) in ZhuFanZhi, Nanwuli (喃巫哩) in Daoyi Zhilüe, and other similar variations. In European...
mˠan (晏陀蠻, pronounced yàntuómán in modern Mandarin Chinese) in the book ZhuFanZhi by Zhao Rukuo. In Chapter 38 of the book, Countries in the Sea, Zhao...
present-day Polillo, Quezon and was mentioned in the Chinese Gazeteer ZhuFanZhi 諸蕃志 (1225). It is described as politically connected to the polity of...
Chinese historian Zhao Rukuo (1170–1231) during the Song Dynasty. In his ZhuFanZhi (1225), a collection of descriptions of foreign countries, he writes...
Malano and Puchavarao (Fo-che-pou-lo). Zhao Rukuo or Chau Ju Kua wrote ZhuFanZhi, a collection of descriptions of countries and various products from...
not become common for another three centuries. Zhao Rukuo writes in ZhuFanZhi, finished in 1225, that the horses of the Arabs and Persians used metal...
Hua Wiang temple. The name Grahi, called Kia-lo-hi in Chinese record ZhuFanZhi, is considered to be the old name of Chaiya. The city was part of Tambralinga...
from Muslim Malay rulers. The 13th-century Chinese gazetteer account ZhuFanZhi (c. 1225) describes the Cham king 'wears a headdress of gold and adorns...
the 13th-century Chinese ZhuFanZhi, which describes various products and civilisations found outside China. In the ZhuFanZhi, Timor is called Ti-Wen...
earliest historical record about Timor island is the 13th-century Chinese ZhuFanZhi, where it is called Ti-wu and is noted for its sandalwood. Later on,...
was known for centuries as the Champa Sea. In the Song Dynasty work Zhufanzhi by Zhao Rugua, the name "Thousand Li Stretch of Sands" (Qianli Changsha...
a large, multi-ethnic community. The "Zhongli" (中理) of Zhao Rukuo's ZhuFanZhi (13th century) may be a Chinese transcription of Shungwaya. From Zhao's...
as Maharadia Lawana. Ma-i. According to the Zhao Rugua's (趙汝适) book ZhuFanZhi (诸蕃志/諸蕃誌) written around the 13th century during the Song dynasty, there...
around 30,000 men that were paid in gold, recorded as early as 1225 in ZhuFanZhi.: 467 Military forces in various parts of Southeast Asia were lightly...
(1222 to 1527 CE), with the first mention being in the Chinese record ZhuFanZhi of 1225 CE. A part of the Javanese armies usually consisted of peasant...
Shitang were referred to in the ancient Chinese texts Ling Wai Dai Da and ZhuFanZhi as being in the Sea of Jiaozhi, Jiaozhi being the old name for a Chinese...
as wood, bamboo and straw. Zhao Rukuo's 13th century Chinese account ZhuFanZhi confirmed this; "The residents of Sanfo-tsi (Srivijaya) live scattered...
Chinese historian Zhao Rukuo (1170–1231) during the Song Dynasty. In his ZhuFanZhi (1225), a collection of descriptions of foreign countries, he writes...
Paracel and Spratly inconsistently. In the 14th century Song Dynasty work Zhufanzhi by Zhao Rugua, the names Qianli Changsha (千里長沙, lit. "Thousand mile-Long...
Philippine state whose existence was recorded in the Chinese Imperial annals ZhuFanZhi and History of Song. It is also recorded in the Sultanate of Brunei's...
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