Zhang Hongfan (Chinese: 張弘範; pinyin: Zhāng Hóngfàn; Wade–Giles: Chang Hung-fan) (1238–1280) was a Chinese[1] military general of the Mongol Empire. As commander of the Mongol army and navy, he annihilated the Southern Song by crushing the last Song resistance at the Battle of Yamen in 1279, where he is said to have captured 8000 enemy vessels.[2] He is also known for capturing the Song loyalist Wen Tianxiang (1236–1283).[3]
Zhang was born in Dingxing, in present-day Hebei province. Dingxing had been part of the Liao empire and Jin empire and was part of the Mongol empire at the time of his birth. His father, Zhang Rou, led local forces defending against the Mongols in the dying days of the Jin Dynasty, but switched his allegiance to the Mongols in 1218 and was later ennobled by the Yuan Dynasty.
Although some later books and retellings claim that Zhang was a traitor who turned against the Song Dynasty, this is not historically accurate,[4] since Zhang's place of birth had not been part of the Song empire and his family had served the Jin, then the Mongols. Some historians claim [citation needed] that Zhang was related to Zhang Shijie, the Song general who lost the Battle of Yamen against the Mongols before dying in a storm, as Zhang Shijie's family was also from present day Hebei under Jin rule.
Deng Guangjian, a fellow townsman of Wen Tianxiang, was tutor to Zhang Hongfan's family after he was rescued from attempting to drown himself at the Battle of Yamen.[3] In his biography of Wen Tianxiang, Deng Guangjian describes Zhang Hongfan as courteous and friendly towards Wen after his capture.[1] On his deathbed, Zhang had also pleaded with the Yuan Emperor Kublai Khan to spare the life of Wen Tianxiang.[1] Aside from these descriptions in Wen's biography, Deng also wrote a preface to Zhang's various collected writings.[1]
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ZhangHongfan (Chinese: 張弘範; pinyin: ZhāngHóngfàn; Wade–Giles: Chang Hung-fan) (1238–1280) was a Chinese military general of the Mongol Empire. As commander...
In 1279, ZhangHongfan of the Yuan attacked the Song navy in Yamen. Li Heng, who previously had captured Guangzhou, reinforced ZhangHongfan. Some within...
However, Zhang's fleet was intercepted by Mongol forces under the command of ZhangHongfan (the son of Zhang Shijie's former commander Zhang Rou) off...
general ZhangHongfan to lead troops to attack Zhao Bing and the Song remnants, leading to the Battle of Yamen. The Song forces, led by Zhang Shijie,...
Heng and ZhangHongfan opted for a decisive battle. Four Mongol fleets moved against the Song: Li Heng attacked from the north and northwest; Zhang would...
overwhelmed by the Yuan forces led by ZhangHongfan and was arrested (1278). Wen was treated well by ZhangHongfan and was promised a prestigious Yuan post...
Gong's younger brother. The Yuan forces commanded by Han Chinese General ZhangHongfan (张弘范)led a predominantly Han navy to defeat the Song loyalists at the...
on the Pearl River Delta in 1279, the Yuan army, led by the general ZhangHongfan, finally crushed the Song resistance. The last remaining ruler, the...
Admiral Zhang Shijie at Yamen. The Mongols send fireships, but this is not effective as the Song fleet is coated with fire-resistant mud. ZhangHongfan, commander...
writer (d. 1313) Yunus Emre, Seljuk poet, mystic and writer (d. 1328) ZhangHongfan, Chinese general and admiral (d. 1280) March 4 Joan of England, queen...
Zhang Jun (1086–1154), general of the Song dynasty Zhang Jiucheng (1092–1159), court official ZhangHongfan (1238–1280), Yuan dynasty general Zhang Sicheng...
Yuan attackers]. [Zhang] Hongfan had to send in more troops before he succeeded in capturing a ship. From [the deck of ZhangHongfan’s ship], enclosed by...
Generals Zhang Rou, Yan Shi, Shi Tianze, and Liu Heima commanded the four Han tumens under Ogödei Khan. Shi Tianze (Shih T'ien-tse), Zhang Rou [zh] (Chang...
Chancellor (左丞相) and ran the government together with Zhang Shijie. In 1279, Yuan forces led by ZhangHongfan launched a large scale naval offensive against...
Ma Qinglei (from January 2021), Meng Xiandong (from May 2021), Zheng Hongfan (from August 2021), Ding Xiufeng (from August 2021), Bao Gang (from September...
Battle of Yamen, fought against the Yuan army led by the Han general ZhangHongfan in the Pearl River Delta. Song Prime Minister Lu Xiufu is said to have...
breaking military law. An officer named Chen Hongfan spared him due to being impressed by his valiance. Zhang Xianzhong then joined the rebellion and followed...
writer (d. 1313) Yunus Emre, Seljuk poet, mystic and writer (d. 1328) ZhangHongfan, Chinese general and admiral (d. 1280) 1239 June 17 or June 18 – Edward...
captured by Yuan forces. In 1279, the Yuan army led by the Chinese general ZhangHongfan had crushed the last Song resistance at the Battle of Yamen, which marked...
Admiral Zhang Shijie at Yamen. The Mongols send fireships, but this is not effective as the Song fleet is coated with fire-resistant mud. ZhangHongfan, commander...
done under influence of the text presently constituting the "Great Plan" (Hongfan) chapter of the Shangshu. The extant version of the book of the same name...
season premiered on 20 April 2018, and concluded on 6 July 2018. Actress Zhang Zifeng joins the permanent cast in season 3, while Henry Lau announced on...
illustrated in the “Commentary on the Five Elements in the Great Plan” (洪範五行傳 Hongfan wuxing zhuan): goblins that attack by shooting, plagues of dragons and...
Hao Laiwu 1994 Crazy Duet 叔侄俩疯狂 Tang Shan Yi Fu Against All Odds 共闯荆途 Li Hongfan 1995 Neighbourhood Heroes 大英雄小人物 Ye Weixin Secret Files 机密档案 Guo Haoming...
(Chinese: 晓露泉; pinyin: Xiǎolù Quán, in Changqing District) Hongfan Pond (Chinese: 洪范池; pinyin: Hóngfàn Chí, namesake of a spring group, in Pingyin County, 36°5′57...
and writer. František Vršovský, 89, Czech Olympic sprint canoeist. Wang Hongfan, 89, Chinese politician, member of the National People's Congress (1993–1998)...
Republic of China "Huang Ju 黄菊". ChinaVitae. Retrieved 27 September 2006. Hongfan, Zhao (5 June 2007). 黄菊同志生平 [The Life of Comrade Huang Ju]. People's Daily...