Temporal range: Late Pleistocene to Early Holocene, 0.06–0.011 Ma
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Skeleton at the Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History
Model of a pygmy mammoth (front) at the Cleveland Museum of Natural History
Scientific classification
Domain:
Eukaryota
Kingdom:
Animalia
Phylum:
Chordata
Class:
Mammalia
Order:
Proboscidea
Family:
Elephantidae
Genus:
†Mammuthus
Species:
†M. exilis
Binomial name
†Mammuthus exilis
(Stock & Furlong, 1928)[1]
The pygmy mammoth or Channel Islands mammoth (Mammuthus exilis) is an extinct species of dwarf elephant native to the northern Channel Islands off the coast of California. It was descended from the Columbian mammoth (M. columbi) of mainland North America.[2]
A case of island or insular dwarfism, from a recent analysis in 2010 it was determined that M. exilis was on average, 1.72–2.02 m (5.6–6.6 ft) tall at the shoulders and 760–1,350 kg (1,680–2,980 lb) in weight,[3][4] in stark contrast to its 3.72–4.2 m (12.2–13.8 ft) tall, 9.2–12.5 t (9.1–12.3 long tons; 10.1–13.8 short tons) ancestor.[4]
This species became extinct at the end of the Late Pleistocene during the Quaternary extinction event in which many megafauna species became extinct due to changing conditions to which the species could not adapt.[5]
^Chester Stock and E. L. Furlong (1928). "The Pleistocene elephants of Santa Rosa Island, California" (PDF). Science. 68 (1754): 140–141. Bibcode:1928Sci....68..140S. doi:10.1126/science.68.1754.140. PMID 17772244.
^Agenbroad 2010, p. 1.
^Agenbroad, L. D. (2010). ". Mammuthus exilis from the California Channel Islands: Height, Mass and Geologic Age" (PDF). Proceedings of the 7th California Islands Symposium. p. 17. Retrieved 13 June 2012.
^ abLarramendi, A. (2016). "Shoulder height, body mass and shape of proboscideans" (PDF). Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. 61. doi:10.4202/app.00136.2014. Retrieved November 21, 2015.
The pygmymammoth or Channel Islands mammoth (Mammuthus exilis) is an extinct species of dwarf elephant native to the northern Channel Islands off the...
hybridisation with the woolly mammoth lineage. The Columbian mammoth was among the last mammoth species, and the pygmymammoths evolved from them on the Channel...
in smaller animals, forming a new species, the pygmymammoth (Mammuthus exilis). Channel Islands mammoths ranged from 150–190 cm (59–75 in) in shoulder...
the woolly mammoth, which had twenty six ridges. The Cretan pygmymammoth (M. creticus) and M. lamarmorai are the only known dwarf mammoths on the islands...
to each other as Santa Rosae. The Pleistocene mammoths swam to Santa Rosae. However, the pygmymammoth underwent dwarfing as the Channel Islands became...
while dwarf mammoths are known to have lived in Sardinia. The Columbian mammoth colonised the Channel Islands and evolved into the pygmymammoth. This species...
Retrieved June 15, 2018. "The PygmyMammoth (U.S. National Park Service)". Flightless ducks, giant mice and pygmymammoths: Late Quaternary extinctions...
that Chumash peoples carried the initial cones in their Tomols. The pygmymammoth, an extinct, endemic species, were capable swimmers able to cross the...
The pygmymammoth is an example of insular dwarfism, a case of Foster's rule, its unusually small body size an adaptation to the limited resources of...
between Santa Rosae and the mainland. Santa Rosae had a population of pygmymammoths (Mammuthus exilis), which became extinct roughly 13,000 years ago. On...
Mammuthus creticus, or the Cretan dwarf mammoth, is an extinct species of dwarf mammoth endemic to Crete during the Early Pleistocene to early Middle...
68, 1. Graham, R.W. et al. (2016). Timing and causes of mid-Holocene mammoth extinction on St. Paul Island, Alaska. Proceedings of the National Academy...
lay about 5 miles (4 nmi; 8 km) off the California coast. Fossils of pygmymammoths from the Late Pleistocene period 13,000 years ago have been found on...
to explore San Miguel Island for fossil remains of the prehistoric pygmymammoth. Later in the day he separated from his party to search for specimens...
skeleton. Ancient coin from Cyrene depicting a silphium stalk. A Malagasy pygmy hippopotamus skeleton compared to a common hippopotamus skull. A skeleton...
inhabited by Pygmymammoths, which it is supposed the Arlington Man's people hunted, because at the same time full-sized Columbian mammoths were being hunted...
island species such as the Malagasy hippopotamus, Komodo dragon, or pygmymammoths. Although, the giant tortoises of the Galápagos Islands and the Seychelles...
that they are two distinct species. The taxonomic status of the African pygmy elephant (Loxodonta pumilio) was uncertain for a long time. Phylogenetic...
(bestial cannibals) and the Red Dwarfs (extremely warmongering and xenophobic pygmies). According to the dust jacket of a 1967 edition [1] it was the older brother...
Nyá'kwaehe:h is a giant hairless bear. Members of the Dewanondiisso:daik'ta:h (Pygmy Society) include the bones of Nyá'kwaehe:h in their charm bundles. He appears...
prairie, the second bears a redwood forest, and the third exhibits a unique pygmy forest of 5-to-10-foot-tall (1.5 to 3.0 m) cypresses and pines and dwarfed...
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