1937 massacre of Ethiopians by Italian occupying forces
Yekatit 12
Part of the Second Italo–Ethiopian War
Ethiopian victims of the Yekatit 12 massacre being unloaded from a truck
Location
Addis Ababa
Date
19–21 February 1937
Deaths
Estimates range from 1,400 to 30,000 Ethiopian civilians
Victims
Ethiopian civilians, Ethiopian Arbegnoch
Perpetrators
Italian soldiers
Yekatit 12 (Amharic: የካቲት ፲፪, romanized: Yekatīt 12), also known in Italy as the Addis Ababa massacre (Italian: Strage di Addis Ababa), is a date in the Ge'ez calendar which refers to the massacre[1] and imprisonment of Ethiopians by the Italian occupation forces following an attempted assassination of Marshal Rodolfo Graziani, Marquis of Negele, Viceroy of Italian East Africa, on 19 February 1937. Graziani had led the Italian forces to victory over the Ethiopians in the Second Italian invasion of Ethiopia and was supreme governor of Italian East Africa. This has been described as the worst massacre in Ethiopian history.[1]
Estimates vary on the number of people killed in the three days that followed the attempt on Graziani's life. Ethiopian sources claimed that 30,000 people were killed by the Italians, while other estimates typically range between 1,400 and 6,000 deaths;[2] a 2017 study of the massacre stated that approximately 19,200 people were killed, 20 percent of the population of Addis Ababa.[3] Over the following week, numerous Ethiopians suspected of opposing Italian rule were rounded up and executed, including members of the Black Lions and other members of the aristocracy. Emperor Haile Selassie had sent 125 men abroad to receive college education, but most of them were killed.[4] Many more were imprisoned, even collaborators such as Ras Gebre Haywot, the son of Ras Mikael of Wollo, Brehane Markos, and Ayale Gebre, who had helped the Italians identify the two men who made the attempt on Graziani's life.[5]
^ abCampbell, Ian (20 July 2017). "Italy and the Addis Ababa massacre". The Economist. Vol. 418, no. 9053. London, United Kingdom of Great Britain: The Economist Newspaper Limited (The Economist Group). ISSN 0013-0613. Archived from the original on 1 August 2017. Retrieved 21 July 2017.
^Angelo Del Boca (2014). Italiani, brava gente?. Vicenza: Neri Pozza. p. 222. ISBN 978-88-6559-178-9.
^Campbell 2017.
^Keller, Edmund Joseph (1991). Revolutionary Ethiopia: From Empire to People's Republic. Midland books (2nd ed.). Bloomington, United States of America: Indiana University Press/IU Press (Indiana University). ISBN 978-025320646-6.
^Sbacchi, Alberto (1 August 1977). "Italy and the Treatment of the Ethiopian Aristocracy, 1937-1940". The International Journal of African Historical Studies. 10 (2). Boston: African Studies Center of the Boston University Pardee School of Global Studies: 209–241. doi:10.2307/217347. ISSN 0361-7882. JSTOR 217347.
Yekatit12 (Amharic: የካቲት ፲፪, romanized: Yekatīt12), also known in Italy as the Addis Ababa massacre (Italian: Strage di Addis Ababa), is a date in the...
The Yekatit12 is a monument in Addis Ababa commemorating victims of Italian reprisals following an attempt to kill the Marshal Rodolfo Graziani, marchese...
Addis Ababa, Graziani ordered a period of brutal retribution now known as Yekatit12. Shortly after the Kingdom of Italy entered World War II, he returned...
homes left burned to the ground.: 5 The massacre has come to be known as Yekatit12. After the massacres, Graziani became known as "the Butcher of Ethiopia"...
The Black Lions were an anti-fascist resistance movement formed to fight against Fascist Italy during the occupation of the Ethiopian Empire in World War...
1936–1941 Italian occupation, atrocities also occurred; in the February 1937 Yekatit12 massacres as many as 30,000 Ethiopians may have been killed and many more...
via JSTOR. A more complete account of the events known in Ethiopia as "Yekatit12" is chapter 14 of Anthony Mockler's Haile Selassie's War (New York: Olive...
symbolize the definitive victory of fascist Italy. On 19 February 1937 – Yekatit12 according to the Ge'ez calendar – saw the attempted assassination of Marshal...
Italians (often with castration), beginning in the first weeks of war. Yekatit12—In response to the unsuccessful assassination of Rodolfo Graziani on 19...
died as a result of the Italian invasion, including during the reprisal Yekatit12 massacre in Addis Ababa, in which as many as 30,000 civilians were killed...
Ethiopian intellectuals were detained and killed by Italian Fascists in the Yekatit12 massacre. After the restoration of Emperor Haile Selassie, the prison...
civilians, including the killing of 19,000-30,000 civilians in the 1937 Yekatit12 massacre. Invasion of Albania: Waging a war of aggression for territorial...
districts of Kolfe Keranio, Addis Ketema, Arada and Yeka. Gullele Bota Yekatit12 Square "Gullele Archived 2013-11-05 at the Wayback Machine". City Government...
civilians died as a result of the Italian invasion, including during the 1937 Yekatit12 massacre in Addis Ababa, in which as many as 30,000 civilians were killed...
force bombards Ottoman artillery along the coast of Gallipoli. 1937 – Yekatit12: During a public ceremony at the Viceregal Palace (the former Imperial...
at the age of 79 after battling long illness. He was hospitalized at Yekatit12 Hospital. A funeral was scheduled for the following day and his body was...
his album Yekatit Ethio Jazz (1974), and six out of the ten tracks on the compilation album Ethiopian Modern Instrumentals Hits. Yekatit Ethio Jazz combined...
Graziani himself exempted him and his family from the repercussions of Yekatit12. which led to the deaths or imprisonment of many respectable Ethiopians...
down over Lamington National Park, bound for Sydney, killing 5 people. Yekatit12: During a public ceremony at the Viceregal Palace (the former Imperial...
1936 – Ethiopia was annexed as Italian East Africa 19 February 1937 – Yekatit12 massacre took place in Addis Ababa, resulted in 1,400 and 30,000 civilians"...
involving mass killings of its followers and clergies. Following the Yekatit12 massacre, the Italians massacred over 2,000 monks at Debre Libanos Monastery...
responded by massacring the population of Addis Ababa (remembered as Yekatit12). Upon Italian liberation, Selassie was restored to the throne, and in...
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