Turbulence caused by difference in air pressure on either side of wing
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Lift-induced vortices behind a jet aircraft are evidenced by smoke on a runway in an experiment by the German Aerospace Center (DLR)An audio recording of lift-induced vortices heard shortly after an airliner flew over the recorder
Wingtip vortices are circular patterns of rotating air left behind a wing as it generates lift.[1]: 5.14 The name is a misnomer because the cores of the vortices are slightly inboard of the wing tips.[2]: 369 Wingtip vortices are sometimes named trailing or lift-induced vortices because they also occur at points other than at the wing tips.[1]: 5.14 Indeed, vorticity is trailed at any point on the wing where the lift varies span-wise (a fact described and quantified by the lifting-line theory); it eventually rolls up into large vortices near the wingtip, at the edge of flap devices, or at other abrupt changes in wing planform.
Wingtip vortices are associated with induced drag, the imparting of downwash, and are a fundamental consequence of three-dimensional lift generation.[1]: 5.17, 8.9 Careful selection of wing geometry (in particular, wingspan), as well as of cruise conditions, are design and operational methods to minimize induced drag.
Wingtip vortices form the primary component of wake turbulence. Depending on ambient atmospheric humidity as well as the geometry and wing loading of aircraft, water may condense or freeze in the core of the vortices, making the vortices visible.
^ abcClancy, L. J. (1975). Aerodynamics. Pitman. ISBN 978-0-273-43342-2. Retrieved 10 February 2023.
^McLean, Doug (7 December 2012). Understanding Aerodynamics: Arguing from the Real Physics. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-1-118-45422-0. Retrieved 10 February 2023.
cores of the vortices are slightly inboard of the wing tips.: 369 Wingtipvortices are sometimes named trailing or lift-induced vortices because they...
away from the surface of the wing. Wingtipvortices create turbulence, originating at the leading edge of the wingtip and propagating backwards and inboard...
aircraft. Because the wing tip shape influences the size and drag of the wingtipvortices, tip design has produced a diversity of shapes, including: Squared-off...
It includes several components, the most significant of which are wingtipvortices and jet-wash, the rapidly moving gases expelled from a jet engine....
Their formation can also be triggered by changes in air pressure in wingtipvortices, or in the air over the entire wing surface. Contrails, and other clouds...
vortex (pl.: vortices or vortexes) is a region in a fluid in which the flow revolves around an axis line, which may be straight or curved. Vortices form in...
can often be observed in the skies behind large aircraft, when the wingtipvortices interact with contrails from the engines, producing visible distortions...
surrounding air increases condensation, in the same manner as an aircraft's wingtipvortices. The most famous such cloud forms routinely in the lee of the Matterhorn...
or flaperons (combination of flaps and ailerons) Winglets to keep wingtipvortices from increasing drag and decreasing lift Dihedral, or a positive wing...
Vertical draft Vortex Vortex generator Wake turbulence Wave turbulence Wingtipvortices Wind tunnel The story has also been attributed to John von Neumann...
configuration: Winglet: a small fin at the wingtip, usually turned upwards. Reduces the size of vortices shed by the wingtip, and hence also tip drag. Strake:...
before falling again. Wingtip devices increase the effective wing aspect ratio, lowering lift-induced drag caused by wingtipvortices and improving the lift-to-drag...
is the reduction of flow moving over the wingtip and resulting in less parasitic drag due to wingtipvortices. Using computational modeling, it was determined...
counteract the wing's lift-induced drag and wingtipvortices more effectively than the previous wingtip fence. The first design type to be tested was...
This allows the birds after to take the upwash lift force due to the wingtipvortices at the tip of the wings of the lead bird. The upwash assists each bird...
the flock members. The wingtips of the leading bird in an echelon create a pair of opposite rotating line vortices. The vortices trailing a bird have an...
needed] As the inner blade sections stall, a second set of vortices, similar to the rotor-tip vortices, begins to form in and around the center of the rotor...
up to 5% through lift-induced drag reduction achieved by moderating wingtipvortices. Split Scimitar winglets became available in 2014 for the 737-800,...
this position, the tail surfaces interact constructively with the wingtipvortices and, with careful design, can significantly reduce drag to improve...
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