Air mass forced upwards as it moves over rising terrain
A gravity wave cloud pattern—analogous to a ship wake—in the downwind zone behind the Île Amsterdam, seen from above over the far southern Indian Ocean. The island generates wave motion in the wind passing over it, creating regularly spaced orographic clouds. The wave crests raise and cool the air to form clouds, while the troughs remain too low for cloud formation. Note that while the wave motion is generated by orographic lift, it is not required. In other words, one cloud often forms at the peak. See wave cloud.
Orographic lift occurs when an air mass is forced from a low elevation to a higher elevation as it moves over rising terrain.[1]: 162 As the air mass gains altitude it quickly cools down adiabatically, which can raise the relative humidity to 100% and create clouds and, under the right conditions, precipitation.[1]: 472
Orographic lifting can have a number of effects, including precipitation, rain shadowing, leeward winds, and associated clouds.
^ abStull, Roland (2017). Practical Meteorology: An Algebra-based Survey of Atmospheric Science. University of British Columbia. ISBN 978-0-88865-283-6.
Orographiclift occurs when an air mass is forced from a low elevation to a higher elevation as it moves over rising terrain.: 162 As the air mass gains...
wind carries moist air masses and orographic precipitation. Moisture is precipitated and removed by orographiclift, leaving drier air (see Foehn) on...
of 12 miles (19 km) from the Pennines. Coverage (telecommunication) Orographiclift Rain shadow "Orography" . Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). 1911...
of methods that might help prevent or lessen these drying effects. Orographiclift occurs when an air mass is forced from a low elevation to a higher...
process occurs when one or more of three possible lifting agents—cyclonic/frontal, convective, or orographic—causes air containing invisible water vapor to...
ocean wave, causing the air to rise. In meteorology this is known as orographiclift. The wind creates a region of rising air directly above the slope,...
large-scale atmospheric motions, or a physical barrier such as a mountain (orographiclift). Conductive cooling occurs when the air comes into contact with a...
wind on the coast. This moisture continues to flow eastward until orographiclift caused by the Coast Ranges, and the Cascade, Sierra Nevada, Columbia...
large-scale atmospheric motions, or a physical barrier such as a mountain (orographiclift). Conductive cooling occurs when the air comes into contact with a...
the front. A third source of lift is wind circulation forcing air over a physical barrier such as a mountain (orographiclift). If the air is generally stable...
mile). However, cloudbursts are infrequent as they occur only via orographiclift or occasionally when a warm air parcel mixes with cooler air, resulting...
latter type may form on the lee sides of mountain slopes caused by orographiclift. When air rises over the top of a mountain range, it cools and releases...
receives a substantial amount of snowfall and precipitation due to orographiclift. The Sierra Nevada's irregular northern boundary stretches from the...
Up-slope fog or hill fog forms when winds blow air up a slope (called orographiclift), adiabatically cooling it as it rises, and causing the moisture in...
the islands resulted in torrential rainfall. Through the process of orographiclift, much of the Visayas received 150 mm (6 in) of rain; however, on Leyte...
sea level to over 2,500 m (8,200 ft), enhancing precipitation due to orographiclift. The result is annual precipitation totals of 400 mm (16 in) over the...
height in a current of air caused by vertical displacement, for example orographiclift when the wind blows over a mountain or mountain range. They can also...
of air which has dropped most of its moisture on windward slopes (orographiclift). As a consequence of the different adiabatic rates of moist and dry...
averaging approximately 660 millimetres (26 in) of rain per month due to orographiclift of the extremely moist monsoonal air. The pre-monsoon seasons in April...
It lies on the windward side of the Khasi Hills, so the resulting orographiclift enhances precipitation. In the winter months it receives the northeast...
Nau cape, which accumulates an average of up to 1000 mm. due to an orographiclift phenomenon. Mediterranean climate with continental influences (Köppen...
northern part of the province which, in turn, enhance the inverse Orographiclift effect around Cap de la Nau). Most of its few rainy days happen during...
significant rain and snowfall, especially on the western slopes due to orographiclift, with annual snow accumulations of up to 1,000 inches (2,500 cm) (=...
some parts of the world, deserts are created by a rain shadow effect. Orographiclift occurs as air masses rise to pass over high ground. In the process...
even deserts. The condition exists because warm moist air rises by orographiclifting to the top of a mountain range. As atmospheric pressure decreases...
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