White settlement in Zimbabwe before 1923 information
Part of a series on the
History of Zimbabwe
Ancient history
Leopard's Kopje
c. 900 – c. 1075
Mapungubwe Kingdom
c. 1075 – c. 1220
Zimbabwe Kingdom
c. 1220 – c. 1450
Butua Kingdom
c. 1450–1683
Mutapa Kingdom
c. 1450–1760
White settlement pre-1923
Rozvi Empire
c. 1684–1834
Mthwakazi
1823-1894
Rudd Concession
1888
BSA Company rule
1890–1923
First Matabele War
1893–1894
Second Matabele War
1896–1897
World War I involvement
1914–1918
Colony of Southern Rhodesia
1923–1965
World War II involvement
1939–1945
Malayan Emergency involvement
1948–1960
Federation with Northern Rhodesia and Nyasaland
1953–1963
Rhodesian Bush War
1964–1979
Unilateral Declaration of Independence (UDI)
1965
Rhodesia
1965–1979
Zimbabwe-Rhodesia
June–December 1979
Lancaster House Agreement
December 1979
British Dependency
1979–1980
Zimbabwe
1980–present
Gukurahundi
1982–1987
Second Congo War
1998–2003
Coup d'état
2017
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Europeans first came to the region in southern Africa today called Zimbabwe in the sixteenth century, when Portuguese colonials ventured inland from Mozambique and attacked the Kingdom of Mutapa, which then controlled an area roughly equivalent to eastern Zimbabwe and western Mozambique. Portuguese influence over Mutapa endured for about two centuries before fading away during the 1690s and early-1700s (decade). During the year of 1685, French Huguenots emigrated to present-day South Africa and whilst some settled there, others moved further north into the continent. Those who did, settled within modern-day Zimbabwe, Mozambique and Botswana, and co-existed with the indigenous people; most of whom, in Zimbabwe, were the Naletale people.
During the 1880s and 1890s, the British South Africa Company initiated colonisation by Europeans, backed by a royal charter from Queen Victoria: company rule over the country began in 1890, when the Pioneer Column marched to Mashonaland, founded Fort Salisbury and settled in the area.
The company domain was named "Rhodesia" after its founder, Cecil Rhodes, in 1895; the portion south of the Zambezi became officially called Southern Rhodesia in 1898. Concurrently with the expiry of the company's charter in 1923, Southern Rhodesia was granted responsible government by the UK, and became a self-governing colony.
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