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OWL Web Ontology Language
Abbreviation
OWL
Status
Published
Year started
2004
Editors
Mike Dean (BBN Technologies), Guus Schreiber
Base standards
Resource Description Framework, RDFS
Related standards
SHACL
Domain
Semantic Web
Website
OWL Reference
OWL 2 Web Ontology Language
Abbreviation
OWL 2
Status
Published
Year started
2009
Editors
W3C OWL Working Group
Base standards
Resource Description Framework, RDFS
Domain
Semantic Web
Website
OWL 2 Overview
The Web Ontology Language (OWL) is a family of knowledge representation languages for authoring ontologies. Ontologies are a formal way to describe taxonomies and classification networks, essentially defining the structure of knowledge for various domains: the nouns representing classes of objects and the verbs representing relations between the objects.
Ontologies resemble class hierarchies in object-oriented programming but there are several critical differences. Class hierarchies are meant to represent structures used in source code that evolve fairly slowly (perhaps with monthly revisions) whereas ontologies are meant to represent information on the Internet and are expected to be evolving almost constantly. Similarly, ontologies are typically far more flexible as they are meant to represent information on the Internet coming from all sorts of heterogeneous data sources. Class hierarchies on the other hand tend to be fairly static and rely on far less diverse and more structured sources of data such as corporate databases.[1]
The OWL languages are characterized by formal semantics. They are built upon the World Wide Web Consortium's (W3C) standard for objects called the Resource Description Framework (RDF).[2] OWL and RDF have attracted significant academic, medical and commercial interest.
In October 2007,[3] a new W3C working group[4] was started to extend OWL with several new features as proposed in the OWL 1.1 member submission.[5] W3C announced the new version of OWL on 27 October 2009.[6] This new version, called OWL 2, soon found its way into semantic editors such as Protégé and semantic reasoners such as Pellet,[7] RacerPro,[8] FaCT++[9][10] and HermiT.[11]
The OWL family contains many species, serializations, syntaxes and specifications with similar names. OWL and OWL2 are used to refer to the 2004 and 2009 specifications, respectively. Full species names will be used, including specification version (for example, OWL2 EL). When referring more generally, OWL Family will be used.[12][13][14]
^Knublauch, Holger; Oberle, Daniel; Tetlow, Phil; Wallace, Evan (9 March 2006). "A Semantic Web Primer for Object-Oriented Software Developers". W3C. Retrieved 19 November 2017.
^"OWL 2 Web Ontology Language Document Overview (Second Edition)". W3C. 11 December 2012.
^"XML and Semantic Web W3C Standards Timeline" (PDF).
^"OWL". W3.org. Retrieved 23 February 2017.
^"Submission Request to W3C: OWL 1.1 Web Ontology Language". W3C. 19 December 2006.
^"W3C Standard Facilitates Data Management and Integration". W3.org. 27 October 2009. Retrieved 15 October 2013.
^Sirin, E.; Parsia, B.; Grau, B. C.; Kalyanpur, A.; Katz, Y. (2007). "Pellet: A practical OWL-DL reasoner" (PDF). Web Semantics: Science, Services and Agents on the World Wide Web. 5 (2): 51–53. doi:10.1016/j.websem.2007.03.004. S2CID 101226. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 June 2007.
^"RACER - Home". Racer-systems.com. Retrieved 23 February 2017.
^Tsarkov, D.; Horrocks, I. (2006). "FaCT++ Description Logic Reasoner: System Description" (PDF). Automated Reasoning. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Vol. 4130. pp. 292–297. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.65.2672. doi:10.1007/11814771_26. ISBN 978-3-540-37187-8.
^"Google Code Archive - Long-term storage for Google Code Project Hosting". Code.google.com. Retrieved 23 February 2017.
^"Home". HermiT Reasoner. Retrieved 23 February 2017.
^Berners-Lee, Tim; James Hendler; Ora Lassila (17 May 2001). "The Semantic Web A new form of Web content that is meaningful to computers will unleash a revolution of new possibilities". Scientific American. 284 (5): 34–43. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0501-34. Archived from the original on 24 April 2013.
^John Hebeler (13 April 2009). Semantic Web Programming. Wiley. ISBN 978-0-470-41801-7.
^Segaran, Toby; Evans, Colin; Taylor, Jamie (24 July 2009). Programming the Semantic Web. O'Reilly Media. ISBN 978-0-596-15381-6.
and 27 Related for: Web Ontology Language information
The WebOntologyLanguage (OWL) is a family of knowledge representation languages for authoring ontologies. Ontologies are a formal way to describe taxonomies...
computer science and artificial intelligence, ontologylanguages are formal languages used to construct ontologies. They allow the encoding of knowledge about...
model that Semantic Web technologies deal with. Thus, natural language constructs have been naturally used to represent the ontology elements. This makes...
converted to the acronym FOAF, has been adopted in WebOntologyLanguage. It has been used in WebID for identifying correspondents, and to designate a...
and systems engineering, ontology engineering is a field which studies the methods and methodologies for building ontologies, which encompasses a representation...
Framework (RDF) and WebOntologyLanguage (OWL) are used. These technologies are used to formally represent metadata. For example, ontology can describe concepts...
hasUncle(?x1,?x3) The XML Concrete Syntax is a combination of the OWL WebOntologyLanguage XML Presentation Syntax with the RuleML XML syntax. <ruleml:imp>...
OIL (Ontology Inference Layer or Ontology Interchange Language) can be regarded as an ontology infrastructure for the Semantic Web. OIL is based on concepts...
Markup Languages. This submission was the starting point for the language (later called OWL) to be developed by W3C's webontology working group, WebOnt....
information science, an upper ontology (also known as a top-level ontology, upper model, or foundation ontology) is an ontology (in the sense used in information...
expressed using the Resource Description Framework (RDF) and the WebOntologyLanguage (OWL). Computers may use these FOAF profiles to find, for example...
2014. Many RDFS components are included in the more expressive WebOntologyLanguage (OWL). RDFS constructs are the RDFS classes, associated properties...
Ontology learning (ontology extraction, ontology generation, or ontology acquisition) is the automatic or semi-automatic creation of ontologies, including...
importance in providing a logical formalism for ontologies and the Semantic Web: the WebOntologyLanguage (OWL) and its profiles are based on DLs. The most...
Framework) and OWL (WebOntologyLanguage). These technologies formally represent the meaning involved in information. For example, ontology can describe concepts...
data (under development) Part 12 - Life cycle integration ontology in WebOntologyLanguage (OWL2) Part 13 - Integrated lifecycle asset planning The model...
Contemporary ontologies share many structural similarities, regardless of the ontologylanguage in which they are expressed. Most ontologies describe individuals...
Process Specification Language (PSL) is a set of logic terms used to describe processes. The logic terms are specified in an ontology that provides a formal...
Framework (RDF), for example, concepts that are part of an ontology defined using the WebOntologyLanguage (OWL), and people who are described using the Friend...
capability to define classes, subclasses, and properties of objects. The WebOntologyLanguage (OWL) provides additional levels of semantics and enables integration...
PDDL language uses principles from knowledge representation languages which are used to author ontologies, an example is the WebOntologyLanguage (OWL)...
recursive principle, RDF vocabularies, such as RDF Schema (RDFS), WebOntologyLanguage (OWL), and Simple Knowledge Organization System will pile up definitions...
models in standardized Webontologylanguages such as OWL and WSML, while incorporating features of existing standard ontologies such as PSL, RosettaNet...
approach. Knowledge can be developed in ontologies that conform to standards such as the WebOntologyLanguage (OWL). In this way knowledge can be standardized...
data model to a second data model using formal ontologies for each system such as the WebOntologyLanguage (OWL). This is frequently required by intelligent...
standard query language for RDF graphs. RDF Schema (RDFS), WebOntologyLanguage (OWL) and SHACL (Shapes Constraint Language) are ontologylanguages that are...
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