Water supply and sanitation in Nicaragua information
Not to be confused with Water resources management in Nicaragua.
Nicaragua: Water and Sanitation
Data
Access to an improved water source
85% (2010) [1]
Access to improved sanitation
52% (2010) [1]
Continuity of supply (%)
53%
Average urban water use (l/c/d)
Average urban domestic water and sewer bill for 20m3
6.50 US$/month
Share of household metering
n/a
Share of collected wastewater treated
42%
Annual investment in WSS
9 US$ /capita
Share of self-financing by utilities
16% (1990–99)
Share of tax-financing
7% (1990–99)
Share of external financing
77% (1990–99)
Institutions
Decentralization to municipalities
Very limited
National water and sanitation company
Yes
Water and sanitation regulator
Yes
Responsibility for policy setting
A Council
Sector law
Yes (1998)
Number of urban service providers
30
Number of rural service providers
n/a
Drinking water and sanitation in Nicaragua are provided by a national public utility in urban areas and water committees in rural areas. Despite relatively high levels of investment, access to drinking water in urban areas has barely kept up with population growth, access to urban sanitation has actually declined and service quality remains poor. However, a substantial increase in access to water supply and sanitation has been reached in rural areas.
The water sector underwent major reforms in 1998 that separated policy, regulatory, and operating functions. Decentralization has been proposed for a decade, but implementation was very slow and in mid-2007 was reversed when the national water company took over two municipal systems.
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