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War of the Fourth Coalition
Part of the Napoleonic Wars and the Coalition Wars
Click an image to load the appropriate article. Left to right, top to bottom: Battle of Jena–Auerstedt, Fall of Berlin, Battle of Eylau and Battle of Friedland
Date
9 October 1806 – 9 July 1807 (9 months)
Location
Central Europe
Result
French victory
Treaties of Tilsit
Treaty of Posen
French occupation of Prussia
Franco-Russian alliance
Creation of the Continental System
Hostilities resume with the Franco-Swedish War and later in 1807 with the commencement of the Peninsular War, and expand in 1809 with the formation of a Fifth Coalition
Territorial changes
Prussia loses over half of its territory Creation of the Duchy of Warsaw and the Kingdom of Westphalia
Belligerents
Fourth Coalition:
Prussia
Russia
United Kingdom
Saxony (until 11 Dec 1806)
Sweden
Sicily
France
Confederation of the Rhine
Etruria
Holland
Italy
Naples
Saxony (from 11 Dec 1806)
Polish Legions
Swiss Confederation
Spain
Polish rebels
Commanders and leaders
Frederick William III
Charles William †
Gebhard Leberecht von Blücher
Prince Louis Ferdinand †
Eugene Fredrick
Count Kalckreuth
Anton Wilhelm von L'Estocq
Fredrick Louis
Ernst von Rüchel
Count Tauentzien
Ludwig Yorck
Alexander I
Levin August von Bennigsen
Mikhail Kamensky
Pyotr Bagration
Dmitry Golitsyn
Michael Andreas Barclay de Tolly
Dmitry Senyavin
William Grenville
William Cavendish-Bentinck
Gustav IV Adolf
Hans Henric von Essen
Napoleon I
Pierre Augereau
Jean-Baptiste Bernadotte
Jean-Baptiste Bessières
Jérôme Bonaparte
Louis-Nicolas Davout
Jean Lannes
François Joseph Lefebvre
André Masséna
Édouard Mortier
Joachim Murat
Michel Ney
Jean-de-Dieu Soult
Louis I
Eugène de Beauharnais
Joseph I
Jan Henryk Dąbrowski
Józef Poniatowski
Strength
Total engaged: 422,000Prussia: 254,000[1] Russia: 135,000[2] Saxony: 18,000[1] Sweden: 15,000[3]
Total engaged: 237,500French in Germany: 192,000[1] Confederation of Rhine: 27,000[1] Poland: 18,500[3] French in Italy: 40,000[1] (not engaged) French in Naples: 40,000[1] (not engaged) French in Holland: 18,000[1] (not engaged)
v
t
e
War of the Fourth Coalition
Prussian campaign
Schleiz
Saalfeld
Jena–Auerstedt
Erfurt
Halle
Berlin
Prenzlau
Pasewalk
Stettin
Waren-Nossentin
Lübeck
Magdeburg
Hamelin
Greater Poland Uprising
Swedish Pomerania
Stralsund
Polish campaign
Czarnowo
Golymin
Pułtusk
Graudenz
Schweidnitz
Kozel
Mohrungen
Allenstein
Hoofe
Eylau
Ostrołęka
Kolberg
Danzig
Guttstadt-Deppen
Heilsberg
Friedland
v
t
e
Napoleonic Wars
Third Coalition
Anglo-Spanish War
Russo-Persian War
Franco-Swedish War
Fourth Coalition
Russo-Turkish War
First Serbian Uprising
English Wars
Gunboat War
Dano-Swedish War
Finnish War
Anglo-Turkish War
Peninsular War
Anglo-Russian War
Fifth Coalition
Austro-Polish War
Anglo-Swedish War
War of 1812
French invasion of Russia
Sixth Coalition
Swedish-Norwegian War
Seventh Coalition
Neapolitan War
Waterloo campaign
Minor campaigns of 1815
Linois's expedition to the Indian Ocean
West Indies campaign
British conquest of Cape Town
Second Archipelago Expedition
Adriatic campaign
1st Java
British invasions of the River Plate
Spice Islands
Indian Ocean
2nd Java
Portuguese invasion of the Banda Oriental (1811–1812)
v
t
e
Polish–Swedish wars
1563-1568
Sigismund
1600–1611
1617–1618
1621–1625
1626–1629
2nd Northern
(Deluge)
Great Northern
War of the Fourth Coalition
War of the Sixth Coalition
v
t
e
German–Polish Wars
Holy Roman Empire
963
967
972
979
1003-1018
1028-1031
1074
1109
1146
1157
1184
1278
Brandenburg
1247-1252
1265-1278
1269-1272
1296
1311-1312
1316
1326-1329
1370
1476-1482
1656-1657
Teutonic Order
1308
1326–1332
1409–1411
1414
1419
1422
1431–1435
1454–1466
1467–1479
1519–1521
Prussia
1733-1735
1792-1797
1795
1806-1807
1813-1814
1846
1848
1914-1918
Weimar Republic
1918-1919
1919
1919-1921
1919-1934
Nazi Germany
1939
1939-1945
1943-1945
1944-1949
Napoleonic Wars
1000km 620miles
Waterloo
9
France
8
7
Russia
6
Austria
5
Spain
4
Portugal
3
Prussia
2
Germany
1
Key:
1
Third Coalition: Germany 1803:...Austerlitz...
2
Fourth Coalition: Prussia 1806:...Jena...
3
Peninsular War: Portugal 1807...Torres Vedras...
4
Peninsular War: Spain 1808...Vitoria...
5
Fifth Coalition: Austria 1809:...Wagram...
6
French invasion of Russia 1812:...Moscow...
7
Sixth Coalition: Germany 1813:...Leipzig...
8
Sixth Coalition: France 1814:...Paris...
9
Hundred Days 1815:...Waterloo...
The War of the Fourth Coalition (French: Guerre de la Quatrième Coalition) was a war spanning 1806-1807 that saw a multinational coalition fight against Napoleon's French Empire, subsequently being defeated. The main coalition partners were Prussia and Russia with Saxony, Sweden, and Great Britain also contributing. Excluding Prussia, some members of the coalition had previously been fighting France as part of the Third Coalition, and there was no intervening period of general peace. On 9 October 1806, Prussia declared war on France and joined a renewed coalition, fearing the rise in French power after the defeat of Austria and establishment of the French-sponsored Confederation of the Rhine in addition to having learned of French plans to cede Prussian-desired Hanover to Britain in exchange for peace. Prussia and Russia mobilized for a fresh campaign with France, massing troops in Saxony.[4]
Napoleon decisively defeated the Prussians in an expeditious campaign that culminated at the Battle of Jena–Auerstedt on 14 October 1806.[5] French forces under Napoleon occupied Prussia, pursued the remnants of the shattered Prussian Army, and captured Berlin. They then advanced all the way to East Prussia, Poland and the Russian frontier, where they fought an inconclusive battle against the Russians at the Battle of Eylau on 7–8 February 1807. Napoleon's advance on the Russian frontier was briefly checked during the spring as he revitalized his army with fresh supplies. Russian forces were finally crushed by the French at the Battle of Friedland on 14 June 1807, and three days later Russia asked for a truce.[6]
Through the Treaties of Tilsit in July 1807, France made peace with Russia, which agreed to join the Continental System. The treaty was particularly harsh on Prussia, however, as Napoleon demanded much of the Prussian territory along the lower Rhine west of the Elbe and in what was part of the former Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. Respectively, these acquisitions were incorporated into the new Kingdom of Westphalia, led by his brother Jérôme Bonaparte and into the new Duchy of Warsaw, a Polish client state, ruled by his new ally the king of Saxony. At the end of the war, there was peace on Continental Europe with Napoleon as master of almost all of western and central continental Europe, except for Spain, Portugal, Austria and several other smaller states.
Despite the end of the Fourth Coalition, Britain remained at war with France. War would return to Continental Europe later in 1807, when Napoleon decided to invade Portugal in order to compel Portugal join the Continental System. A joint Franco-Spanish force invaded Britain's ally Portugal, beginning the Peninsular War where Napoleon would also invade Spain as well. A further Fifth Coalition would be assembled when Austria re-joined the conflict in 1809.
^ abcdefgClodfelter 2017, p. 150.
^Clodfelter 2017, pp. 150–151.
^ abClodfelter 2017, p. 151.
^Edouard Driault, "The coalition of Europe against Napoleon." American Historical Review 24.4 (1919): 603–624 online.
^Meeks, Joshua (2019). Napoléon Bonaparte: a reference guide to his life and works. Significant figures in world history. Lanham, Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield. p. 74. ISBN 978-1-5381-1350-9.
^David G. Chandler, Jena 1806: Napoleon Destroys Prussia (Osprey, 1993).
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