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This article is about Napoleon's last period of rule and the Seventh Coalition. For the final Allied offensive on the Western Front during World War I, see Hundred Days Offensive. For other uses, see Hundred Days (disambiguation).
War of the Seventh Coalition
Part of the Napoleonic Wars and the Coalition Wars
hundred days
Click an image to load the battle. Left to right, top to bottom: Battles of Quatre Bras, Ligny, Waterloo.
Date
20 March – 8 July 1815[4] (110 days)
Location
France
Netherlands
Result
Coalition victory
Second Treaty of Paris
End of the Napoleonic Wars
Second exile of Napoleon (to the island of Saint Helena) and second Bourbon Restoration
Beginning of the Concert of Europe
Belligerents
United Kingdom
Prussia
Russia[1]
Netherlands
Austria
Bourbon Restoration
Brunswick
Denmark (no combat)[2]
Hanover
Liechtenstein
Nassau
Sardinia[1]
Sicily[1]
Switzerland[3]
Tuscany
Württemberg
France
Naples
Commanders and leaders
Robert Jenkinson, Earl of Liverpool
Arthur Wellesley, Duke of Wellington
Thomas Picton †
Hudson Lowe
Gebhard Leberecht von Blücher
Archduke Charles of Austria
Karl von Schwarzenberg
Frederick Bianchi
Johann Frimont
Michael Andreas Barclay de Tolly
William of Orange
Frederick of Orange
Niklaus Franz von Bachmann
Frederik of Hesse
Napoleon I
Louis-Nicolas Davout
Michel Ney
Emmanuel de Grouchy
Louis-Gabriel Suchet
Jean-de-Dieu Soult
Guillaume Brune
Édouard Mortier
François Joseph Lefebvre
Jean Rapp
Bertrand Clauzel
Charles Decaen
Jean Maximilien Lamarque
Claude Lecourbe
Guillaume Duhesme †
Joachim Murat
Strength
800,000–1,000,000[5]
280,000[5]
See military mobilisation during the Hundred Days for more information.
v
t
e
Hundred Days
Waterloo campaign
Gilly
Quatre Bras
Ligny
1st Genappe
Waterloo
Wavre
2nd Genappe
Namur
Cambrai
Villers-Cotterêts
Aubervilliers
Saint-Denis
Rocquencourt
Sèvres
Issy
Minor campaigns
Rocheserviere
La Suffel
Reduction of the French fortresses
Caribbean
Guadeloupe
Chronology
15 June
16–17 June
17–18 June
18–24 June
25 June – 1 July
2–7 July
v
t
e
Neapolitan War
Panaro
Ferrara
Occhiobello
Carpi
Massa
Casaglia
Ronco
Cesenatico
Pesaro
Scapezzano
Tolentino
Ancona
Castel di Sangro
San Germano
Gaeta
Aftermath
Rieti
v
t
e
Anglo-French Wars
1109–1113
1116–1120
1173–1174
1189
1193–1196
1197–1199
1199–1200
1202–1204
1213–1214
1215–1217
1224
1230
1242–1243
1294–1303
1324
1337–1453 (1337–1360, 1369–1389, 1415–1453)
1496–1498
1512–1514
1522–1526
1542–1546
1557–1559
1562–1563
1627–1629
1666–1667
1678
1689–1815
1689–1697
1702–1713
1744–1748
1746–1763
1754–1763
1778–1783
1793–1802
1803–1814
1815
v
t
e
Franco-Spanish wars
(1495–1498
1502–1504
1512–1516
1521–1526
1526–1529
1536–1538
1542–1544
1551–1559)
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1625
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1635–1659 (1640–1659, 1641–1659, 1648–1653)
1667–1668
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1683–1684
1688–1697
1718–1720
1793–1795
1808–1814
1815
1823
The Hundred Days (French: les Cent-JoursIPA:[lesɑ̃ʒuʁ]),[4] also known as the War of the Seventh Coalition (French: Guerre de la Septième Coalition), marked the period between Napoleon's return from eleven months of exile on the island of Elba to Paris on20 March 1815 and the second restoration of King Louis XVIII on 8 July 1815 (a period of 110 days).[a] This period saw the War of the Seventh Coalition, and includes the Waterloo Campaign[7] and the Neapolitan War as well as several other minor campaigns. The phrase les Cent Jours (the hundred days) was first used by the prefect of Paris, Gaspard, comte de Chabrol, in his speech welcoming the king back to Paris on 8 July.[b]
Napoleon returned while the Congress of Vienna was sitting. On the 13th of March, seven days before Napoleon reached Paris, the powers at the Congress of Vienna declared him an outlaw, and on the 25th of March, Austria, Prussia, Russia and the United Kingdom, the four Great Powers and key members of the Seventh Coalition, bound themselves to put 150,000 men each into the field to end his rule.[10] This set the stage for the last conflict in the Napoleonic Wars, the defeat of Napoleon at the Battle of Waterloo, the second restoration of the French kingdom, and the permanent exile of Napoleon to the distant island of Saint Helena, where he died of stomach cancer in May 1821.
^ abcChandler 1981, p. 181.
^Hofschroer 2006, pp. 82, 83.
^ Hervé de Weck: Franche-Comté expedition in German, French and Italian in the online Historical Dictionary of Switzerland, 8 May 2007.
^ ab"Hundred Days". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 11 October 2021.
^ abChandler 1966, p. 1015.
^"Honderd Dagen, De". Encarta Encyclopedie Winkler Prins (in Dutch). Microsoft Corporation/Het Spectrum. 1993–2002.
^Beck 1911, "Waterloo Campaign".
^Townsend 1862, p. 355.
^Gifford 1817, p. 1511.
^Hamilton-Williams 1996, p. 59.
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