The Vredefort impact structure is the largest verified impact structure on Earth.[1] The crater, which has since been eroded away, has been estimated at 170–300 kilometres (110–190 mi) across when it was formed.[2][3] The remaining structure, comprising the deformed underlying bedrock, is located in present-day Free State province of South Africa. It is named after the town of Vredefort, which is near its centre. The structure's central uplift is known as the Vredefort Dome. The impact structure was formed during the Paleoproterozoic Era, 2.023 billion (± 4 million) years ago. It is the second-oldest known impact structure on Earth, after Yarrabubba.
In 2005, the Vredefort Dome was added to the list of UNESCO World Heritage Sites for its geologic interest.
^University of Rochester (26 September 2022). "The asteroid that formed Vredefort crater was bigger than previously believed". Science X. Archived from the original on 26 September 2022.
^Huber, M. S.; Kovaleva, E.; Rae, A. S. P.; Tisato, N.; Gulick, S. P. S. (August 2023). "Can Archean Impact Structures Be Discovered? A Case Study From Earth's Largest, Most Deeply Eroded Impact Structure". Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets. 128 (8). doi:10.1029/2022JE007721. ISSN 2169-9097.
^Cite error: The named reference :1 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
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known impact events on Earth occurred during the Orosirian. Early in the period, 2023 Mya, a large asteroid collision created the Vredefortimpact structure...
melt phase. Pseudotachylyte was first documented by Shand in the VredefortImpactStructure and was named due to its close resemblance to tachylyte, a basaltic...
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support from observations of the uplifted central part of the Vredefortimpactstructure and the surrounding Kaapvaal Craton. Lowrie, W. (1997). Fundamentals...
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The impact was close to the present village of Vredefort, which has given its name to the geological remnant of this immense event: the Vredefort Dome...
vegetation. Lystrosaurus was a heavily built, herbivorous animal. The structure of its shoulders and hip joints suggests that Lystrosaurus moved with...
has been in error. Kimberlite occurs in the Earth's crust in vertical structures known as kimberlite pipes, as well as igneous dykes and can also occur...
P.; Langerman, Kristy E. (17 October 2023). "The sensitivity of health impact assessments of PM2.5 from South African coal-fired power stations". Air...
by 320 kilometres (160 by 200 mi)) Vredefortimpactstructure in South Africa, the largest known impactstructure on Earth (300 kilometres (190 mi) diameter...
modern Ukraine. He called the wood Callixylon, though he did not find any structures other than the trunk. The similarity to conifer wood was recognized. It...
(August 2023). "Can Archean ImpactStructures Be Discovered? A Case Study From Earth's Largest, Most Deeply Eroded ImpactStructure". Journal of Geophysical...
reactor will be built at Koeberg (this is later abandoned). The Vredefortimpactstructure, created by one the largest ever asteroids (20 to 25 kilometres...
hippopotamus, horse, and antelope in the 'Rain Snake' Dyke of the Vredefortimpactstructure, which may have spiritual significance regarding the rain-making...
"Vredefort". Earth Impact Database. Planetary and Space Science Centre University of New Brunswick Fredericton. Retrieved 2008-12-30. "Deep Impact –...
largest known impact zone on Earth, but individually, are smaller than the largest in the world, the 300 km wide Vredefortimpactstructure in South Africa...
in Canada, there are 190 confirmed impactstructures on Earth. Each is recorded in a database called the Earth Impact Database (EID). Map all coordinates...
home to the Vredefort Dome Information Centre. The Vredefort Dome is the center of the Vredefortimpactstructure. This impactstructure is the world's...
Vredefortimpactstructure in South Africa, and the 150 km (93 mi) Chicxulub crater under Yucatán, Mexico. The Sudbury Igneous Complex is an impact melt...
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