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Sound change and alternation
Metathesis
Quantitative metathesis
Lenition
Consonant gradation
Consonant voicing and devoicing
Assibilation
Spirantization
L-vocalization
Debuccalization
Fortition
Epenthesis
Prothesis
Paragoge
Unpacking
Vowel breaking
Elision
Apheresis
Syncope
Apocope
Haplology
Cluster reduction
Transphonologization
Compensatory lengthening
Nasalization
Tonogenesis
Floating tone
Assimilation
Fusion
Coarticulation
Palatalization
Velarization
Labialization
Final devoicing
Metaphony (vowel harmony, umlaut)
Consonant harmony
Dissimilation
Sandhi
Liaison, linking R
Consonant mutation
Tone sandhi
Vowel hiatus
Synalepha
Elision
Crasis
Synaeresis and diaeresis
Synizesis
Other types
Apophony
Affrication
Gemination
Clipping
Fronting
Raising
Betacism
Iotacism
Fusion
Merger
Compensatory lengthening
Monophthongization
Rhotacism
Rhinoglottophilia
Sulcalization
Shm-reduplication
Consonant mutation
Vowel shift
Chain shift
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In phonology, vowel harmony is a phonological rule in which the vowels of a given domain – typically a phonological word – must share certain distinctive features (thus "in harmony"). Vowel harmony is typically long distance, meaning that the affected vowels do not need to be immediately adjacent, and there can be intervening segments between the affected vowels. Generally one vowel will trigger a shift in other vowels, either progressively or regressively, within the domain, such that the affected vowels match the relevant feature of the trigger vowel. Common phonological features that define the natural classes of vowels involved in vowel harmony include vowel backness, vowel height, nasalization, roundedness, and advanced and retracted tongue root.
Vowel harmony is found in many agglutinative languages. The given domain of vowel harmony taking effect often spans across morpheme boundaries, and suffixes and prefixes will usually follow vowel harmony rules.
In phonology, vowelharmony is a phonological rule in which the vowels of a given domain – typically a phonological word – must share certain distinctive...
syllables, this may be termed "vowelharmony" in poetry (though linguists have a different definition of "vowelharmony"). A special case of assonance...
alphabet. Some distinctive characteristics of the Turkish language are vowelharmony and extensive agglutination. The basic word order of Turkish is subject–object–verb...
notable feature of the phonology of Turkish is a system of vowelharmony that causes vowels in most words to be either front or back and either rounded...
14th centuries. In the transition, a major shift in the vowel-harmony paradigm occurred, long vowels developed, the case system changed slightly, and the...
Ikwerre exhibits two kinds of vowelharmony: Every vowel in an Ikwerre word, with a few exceptions, agrees with the other vowels in the word as to the presence...
back vowel and not subject to vowelharmony. The rules of vowelharmony are as follows: If the final syllable of the word stem contains a front vowel, the...
vowel harmony that strictly govern the distribution of vowels within words and suffixes. Backness harmony, or what is sometimes called 'palatal' harmony, requires...
Arabic alphabet, 9 vowels are defined. Like other Turkic languages, Turkmen has a system of vowelharmony. Turkmen's system of vowelharmony is primarily a...
The phonology of the Hungarian language is notable for its process of vowelharmony, the frequent occurrence of geminate consonants and the presence of...
neutral vowels, front vowelharmony is used, e.g. tie – tiellä ('road' – 'on the road'). For another, compound words do not have vowelharmony across the...
in cases of tonal sandhi. There is vowelharmony in two groups (the high vowels /i, u/ and the mid and low vowels /e, o, a/) that applies only for verbal...
Azerbaijani has a system of vowelharmony. Azerbaijani's system of vowelharmony is primarily a front/back system. This means that all vowels in a word must be...
has vowelharmony, meaning that the quality of the vowel in an affix is determined by that of the root vowel. There are two kinds: ATR vowelharmony, in...
Consonant harmony is a type of "long-distance" phonological assimilation, akin to the similar assimilatory process involving vowels, i.e. vowelharmony. One...
and regressive vowelharmony occur. In progressive vowelharmony, the second vowel changes to match the first; in regressive harmony, the first changes...
other traces of vowelharmony in Korean. There are three classes of vowels in Korean: "positive", "negative", and "neutral". The vowel ㅡ (eu) is considered...
other Turkic languages, Kazakh is an agglutinative language and employs vowelharmony. Ethnologue recognizes three mutually intelligible dialect groups: Northeastern...
occur, advanced-tongue-root vowels very often contrast with retracted tongue root (RTR) vowels in a system of vowelharmony, which occurs commonly in large...
Tofa exhibit vowelharmony, although this harmony seems to be linked to fluency: as one decreases, so does the other. Tofa vowelharmony is progressive...
non-emphatic imperatives. West Makian makes use of regressive vowelharmony, which affects the vowels of several prefixes, the possessive marker, and a preposition...
not have vowelharmony. Palestinian Arabic has a regressive vowelharmony for these present tense conjugations: if the verb stem's main vowel is /u/, then...
features both vowelharmony and vowel reduction. Uyghur vowels are by default short, but long vowels also exist because of historical vowel assimilation...
Ambiguity is sometimes prevented by context, as the requirements of vowelharmony and syllable sequence usually indicate the correct sound. Moreover,...
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