Vote cast in an election as a form of political protest
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Spoiled votes may or may not be protest votes, but are often kept aside for challenges, further examination, or disposal.
A protest vote (also called a blank, null, spoiled, or "none of the above" vote)[1] is a vote cast in an election to demonstrate dissatisfaction with the choice of candidates or the current political system.[2] Protest voting takes a variety of forms and reflects numerous voter motivations, including political apathy.[3] Where voting is compulsory, casting a blank vote is available for those who do not wish to choose a candidate, or to protest. Unlike abstention elsewhere, blank votes are counted.
Along with abstention, or not voting, protest voting is a sign of unhappiness with available options. If protest vote takes the form of a blank vote, it may or may not be tallied into final results. Protest votes may be considered spoiled or, depending on the electoral system, counted as "none of the above" votes.
^Alvarez, R. Michael; Kiewiet, D. Roderick; Núñez, Lucas (2018). "A Taxonomy of Protest Voting". Annual Review of Political Science. 21: 135–154. doi:10.1146/annurev-polisci-050517-120425.
^Southwell, Priscilla Lewis; Everest, Marcy Jean (1998). "The Electoral Consequences of Alienation: Nonvoting and Protest Voting in the 1992 Presidential Race". The Social Science Journal. 35 (1): 43–51. doi:10.1016/s0362-3319(98)90058-1.
^Damore, David F.; Waters, Mallory M.; Bowler, Shaun (December 2012). "Unhappy, Uninformed, or Uninterested? Understanding "None of the Above" Voting". Political Research Quarterly. 65 (4): 895–907. doi:10.1177/1065912911424286. JSTOR 41759322. S2CID 143974182.
A protestvote (also called a blank, null, spoiled, or "none of the above" vote) is a vote cast in an election to demonstrate dissatisfaction with the...
depending on the circumstances, be considered to be a protestvote (also known as a "blank vote"). Abstention is related to political apathy and low voter...
a blank vote, carrying out the act of voting, which may be compulsory, without selecting any candidate or option, often as an act of protest. In some...
progressives, and socialists began advocating for a 'uncommitted' vote as protestvote against Biden due to his support of Israel during the Israel–Hamas...
Postal voting is voting in an election where ballot papers are distributed to electors (and typically returned) by post, in contrast to electors voting in...
every county. Uncommitted, fueled by protestvotes due to the Israel–Hamas war, received more than 8% of the vote. The following candidates filed: Joe...
some votes are valid and others invalid. A voter may deliberately spoil a vote, for example as a protestvote, especially in compulsory voting jurisdictions...
handling of the Israel–Hamas war. The uncommitted vote in Michigan inspired similar protestvotes in other states, eventually becoming a national movement...
A protest (also called a demonstration, remonstration, or remonstrance) is a public expression of objection, disapproval, or dissent towards an idea or...
were advertised towards with the slogan "voteprotest - vote German." At the time, the DVU had 12.9% of the votes. In 1991, the PDS demanded the right for...
known for her protestvote against Mass. House Speaker Sal DiMaisi's reelection in 2009. Atkins, along with six other Democrats, voted "present" as a...
Because uncommitted was not an option in the primary, Israel–Hamas war protestvote organizers rallied around Williamson. Incumbent President Joe Biden announced...
Donkey votes may occur for several reasons, including voter apathy, protestvoting, simplicity on how-to-vote cards, the complexity of the voting system...
every county. Uncommitted, fueled by protestvotes due to the Israel–Hamas war, received more than 11% of the vote. The following candidates filed: Joe...
election but which prevents anyone from accessing the votes cast until the close of the voting period. A ballot drop box allows voters who have received...
Assembly of Experts after being a member for 24 years, urged for a "protestvote" but did not explicitly call for a boycott. During the first round, polls...
Early voting, also called advance polling or pre-poll voting, is a convenience voting process by which voters in a public election can vote before a scheduled...
Putin came en masse to polling stations at noon and vote against Putin or spoil the ballot. The protest has been described by the Novaya Gazeta as "Navalny's...
common electoral consequences of political alienation are abstention and protestvoting. One cause of political apathy is due to lack of education. According...
Strategic or tactical voting is a situation where a voter considers the possible ballots cast by other voters in order to maximize their satisfaction with...
Compulsory voting, also called universal civic duty voting or mandatory voting, is the requirement that registered voters participate in an election....
require that all votes be counted and announced, including 'rejected' votes. 'Rejected votes' are classified into four categories, protestvotes are recorded...
station is the specific room (or part of a room) where voters cast their votes. A polling place can contain one or more polling stations. In Australian...
Electronic voting is voting that uses electronic means to either aid or take care of casting and counting ballots. Depending on the particular implementation...
example emulating protestvotes in jurisdictions that have recently had and since abolished a "none of the above" or "against all" voting option; civil disobedience...
electoral district, also known as an election district, legislative district, voting district, constituency, riding, ward, division, electorate, or (election)...
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