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In the mathematical theory of probability, the voter model is an interacting particle system introduced by Richard A. Holley and Thomas M. Liggett in 1975.[1]
voter model coexists on the graph with two clusters
One can imagine that there is a "voter" at each point on a connected graph, where the connections indicate that there is some form of interaction between a pair of voters (nodes). The opinions of any given voter on some issue changes at random times under the influence of opinions of his neighbours. A voter's opinion at any given time can take one of two values, labelled 0 and 1. At random times, a random individual is selected and that voter's opinion is changed according to a stochastic rule. Specifically, one of the chosen voter's neighbors is chosen according to a given set of probabilities and that neighbor’s opinion is transferred to the chosen voter.
An alternative interpretation is in terms of spatial conflict. Suppose two nations control the areas (sets of nodes) labelled 0 or 1. A flip from 0 to 1 at a given location indicates an invasion of that site by the other nation.
Note that only one flip happens each time. Problems involving the voter model will often be recast in terms of the dual system[clarification needed] of coalescing[clarification needed] Markov chains. Frequently, these problems will then be reduced to others involving independent Markov chains.
^Holley, Richard A.; Liggett, Thomas M. (1975). "Ergodic Theorems for Weakly Interacting Infinite Systems and the Voter Model". The Annals of Probability. 3 (4): 643–663. doi:10.1214/aop/1176996306. ISSN 0091-1798.
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(sometimes ideological or ideal-point) model of voting is a mathematical model of voting behavior. It describes voters and candidates as varying along one...
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interaction strength J, the Ising model and its variants such the Sznajd model can be seen as a form of a votermodel for opinion dynamics. The thermodynamic...
independent voters are actually the least involved in and attentive to politics. This theory of voter choice became known as the Michigan Model. It was later...
Schulze, Christian (2008). Boundary effects in a three-state modified votermodel for languages. Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications...
Voter suppression is a strategy used to influence the outcome of an election by discouraging or preventing specific groups of people from voting. It is...
Approval voting ballots show a list of all the candidates running and each voter indicates support for as many candidates as they see fit. Final tallies...
Analytic treatment of consensus achievement in the single-type zealotry votermodel. Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications. 413: 626–634...
and unpublished manuscript. Arratia studied the votermodel, an interacting particle system that models the evolution of a population's political opinions...
factors that may have explained the effect, such as the use of a likely votermodel, and said that Rasmussen conducted its polls in a way that excluded the...
includes the Ising model, the votermodel and the q-votermodel, the Bass diffusion model, threshold models and others. The Sznajd model can be applied to...
(17 LOK SABHA) "IndiaVotes PC: Party-wise performance for 2019". Final voter turnout of Phase 1 and Phase 2 of the Lok Sabha Elections 2019, The Election...
Electoral fraud, sometimes referred to as election manipulation, voter fraud, or vote rigging, involves illegal interference with the process of an election...
The Michigan model is a theory of voter choice, based primarily on sociological and party identification factors. Originally proposed by political scientists...
against each other. Closely related stochastic processes include the votermodel, which was introduced by Clifford and Sudbury (1973) and independently...
Median VoterModel in Public Choice Theory", Public Choice 61, 115–125 McKelvey, R. D. (1976). "Intransitivities in Multi Dimensional Voting Models and some...
from the original on 2012-09-18. Retrieved 2018-01-31. Use of Likely VoterModel Does Not Explain Rasmussen "House Effect", by Nate Silver, FiveThirtyEight...
Voter impersonation, also sometimes called in-person voter fraud, is a form of electoral fraud in which a person who is eligible to vote in an election...
Elections to the European Parliament saw declining voter turnout between 1979 and 2014. However, voter turnout in 2019 European elections increased by 8...
these models, each voter and candidate is positioned within an ideological space that can span multiple dimensions. It is assumed that voters tend to...
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