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Vlora War
Clockwise from top: Italian base; Albanian soldiers; Italian cannons captured by Albanian irregulars during one of the battles
Date
June 4 – August 2, 1920
Location
Vlorë region
Result
Treaty of Tirana (1920)
Territorial changes
Vlorë relinquished to Albania by Italy
The Saseno Island formally annexed by Italy
Belligerents
Albanian nationalists
Italy
Commanders and leaders
Qazim Koculi Ahmet Lepenica Selam Musai † Spiro Jorgo Koleka Fani Shuka Aristidh Ruçi Javer Hurshiti Aqif Përmeti
Giovanni Giolitti Settimio Piacentini Enrico Gotti †
Strength
10,000 troops, of which 3,000–4,000 engaged[1]
About 25,000 troops,[2] with only a fraction engaged due to an outbreak of malaria[3]
Casualties and losses
Unknown
Unknown
Events leading to World War II
1910s
Treaty of Versailles 1919
Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye 1919
Polish–Soviet War 1919–1920
Polish–Lithuanian War 1919–1920
1920s
Treaty of Trianon 1920
Treaty of Rapallo 1920
Franco-Polish alliance 1921
March on Rome 1922
Corfu incident 1923
Occupation of the Ruhr 1923–1925
Mein Kampf 1925
Second Italo-Senussi War 1923–1932
Dawes Plan 1924
Locarno Treaties 1925
Young Plan 1929
Great Depression 1929
1930s
Japanese invasion of Manchuria 1931
Pacification of Manchukuo 1931–1942
January 28 incident 1932
Geneva Conference 1932–1934
Defense of the Great Wall 1933
Battle of Rehe 1933
Nazis' rise to power in Germany 1933
Tanggu Truce 1933
Italo-Soviet Pact 1933
Inner Mongolian Campaign 1933–1936
German–Polish declaration of non-aggression 1934
Franco-Soviet Treaty of Mutual Assistance 1935
Soviet–Czechoslovakia Treaty of Mutual Assistance 1935
He–Umezu Agreement 1935
Anglo-German Naval Agreement 1935
December 9th Movement
Second Italo-Ethiopian War 1935–1936
Remilitarization of the Rhineland 1936
Arab revolt in Palestine 1936–1939
Spanish Civil War 1936–1939
Italo-German "Axis" protocol 1936
Anti-Comintern Pact 1936
Suiyuan campaign 1936
Xi'an Incident 1936
Second Sino-Japanese War 1937–1945
USS Panay incident 1937
Anschluss Mar. 1938
Polish ultimatum to Lithuania Mar. 1938
May Crisis May 1938
Battle of Lake Khasan July–Aug. 1938
Bled Agreement Aug. 1938
Undeclared German–Czechoslovak War Sep. 1938
Munich Agreement Sep. 1938
First Vienna Award Nov. 1938
German occupation of Czechoslovakia Mar. 1939
Hungarian invasion of Carpatho-Ukraine Mar. 1939
German ultimatum to Lithuania Mar. 1939
Slovak–Hungarian War Mar. 1939
Final offensive of the Spanish Civil War Mar.–Apr. 1939
The Vlora War was a military conflict in the Vlorë region of Albania between the Kingdom of Italy and Albanian nationalists. Vlorë, occupied by Italy since 1914, was attacked four times by Albanian nationalists. While repelling the attacks, the Italian troops suffered from an outbreak of malaria and could not receive support as the Bersaglieri of Ancona refused to be sent to Albania, in the context of the Biennio Rosso agitations.[4] Italian prime minister Giovanni Giolitti, considering the occupation of Vlorë pointless and unpopular, negotiated a treaty of compromise with the Albanians. This resulted in Italy abandoning its plans to make Albania a mandate and ending the occupation of Vlorë, while it retained diplomatic protection over Albania to ensure its independence and annexed the island of Saseno. The armistice agreement was ratified a year later by the Conference of Ambassadors of the League of Nations, confirming Albanian sovereignty and the Italian special interests. The Vlora War is considered an important moment in the history of the Albania's independence.[5][6] At the same time, the 1920 treaty of Tirana is considered the first of the Treaties of Tirana that gradually brought Albania into the Italian sphere of influence.[7] Both the Albanian committee and the Italian foreign ministry claimed victory and expressed satisfaction with the agreements;[8][9] many authors do not treat these clashes as forming an actual conflict and the very concept of a "Vlora War" is rare in historiography.
^Krasniqi, Kolë (2019). Islamist Extremism in Kosovo and the Countries of the Region. Cham: Springer. ISBN 978-3-030-18569-5. OCLC 1119613159.
^Marmullaku, Ramadan (1975). Albania and the Albanians. Hamden, Conn.: Archon Books. ISBN 0-208-01558-2. OCLC 1963173.
^Vincenzo Gallinari, l'esercito italiano nel primo dopoguerra, 1918-1920, p.157
^Paolini M., I fatti di Ancona e l'11º Bersaglieri (giugno 1920), in "Quaderni di Resistenza Marche", n. 4 novembre 1982.
^Albanian identities: myth and history Authors Stephanie Schwandner-Sievers, Bernd Jürgen Fischer
Editors Stephanie Schwandner-Sievers, Bernd Jürgen Fischer Edition illustrated Publisher C. Hurst & Co. Publishers, 2002 ISBN 1-85065-572-3, ISBN 978-1-85065-572-5
^Ruggero Giacomini, La rivolta dei bersaglieri e le Giornate Rosse - I moti di Ancona dell'estate del 1920 e l'indipendenza dell'Albania, Assemblea legislativa delle Marche, Ancona 2010.
^Treaties of Tirana
^Arhire, Sorin; Roşu, Tudor, eds. (2019). The Paris Peace Conference (1919-1920) and Its Aftermath: Settlements, Problems and Perceptions. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. p. 112. ISBN 9781527543959. ... the political quarrel turned into an armed conflict, which ended with the unexpected victory of the Albanians.
^In a speech in parliament, the Italian foreign minister announced complete success in the military operations and negotiations leading to the agreements. Carlo Sforza: portrait of a diplomat. University of Michigan. Zeno, L. (1999). p.240.
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