The transmembrane helical tetramer of the influenza A virus M2 protein, which functions as a proton channel, in complex with the channel-blocking drug amantadine (shown in red). Highly conserved tryptophan and histidine residues known to play key roles in mediating proton transport are shown as sticks. From PDB: 3C9J.[1]
Viroporins are small and usually hydrophobic multifunctional viral proteins that modify cellular membranes, thereby facilitating virus release from infected cells.[2][3] Viroporins are capable of assembling into oligomeric ion channels or pores in the host cell's membrane, rendering it more permeable and thus facilitating the exit of virions from the cell. Many viroporins also have additional effects on cellular metabolism and homeostasis mediated by protein-protein interactions with host cell proteins.[3] Viroporins are not necessarily essential for viral replication, but do enhance growth rates. They are found in a variety of viral genomes but are particularly common in RNA viruses. Many viruses that cause human disease express viroporins. These viruses include hepatitis C virus, HIV-1, influenza A virus, poliovirus, respiratory syncytial virus, and SARS-CoV.[3][4][5]
^Thomaston JL, Alfonso-Prieto M, Woldeyes RA, Fraser JS, Klein ML, Fiorin G, DeGrado WF (November 2015). "High-resolution structures of the M2 channel from influenza A virus reveal dynamic pathways for proton stabilization and transduction". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 112 (46): 14260–5. Bibcode:2015PNAS..11214260T. doi:10.1073/pnas.1518493112. PMC 4655559. PMID 26578770.
^Carrasco L (August 1995). "Modification of membrane permeability by animal viruses". Advances in Virus Research. 45: 61–112. doi:10.1016/S0065-3527(08)60058-5. ISBN 9780120398454. PMC 7131156. PMID 7793329.
Viroporins are small and usually hydrophobic multifunctional viral proteins that modify cellular membranes, thereby facilitating virus release from infected...
happens there. A putative late protein VP4 has been reported to act as a viroporin facilitiating release of viral particles and resulting in cytolysis; however...
it is thought to be involved in viral assembly, likely functions as a viroporin, and is involved in viral pathogenesis. The E protein consists of a short...
induces diarrhoea and was the first viral enterotoxin discovered. It is a viroporin that elevates cytosolic Ca2+ in mammalian cells. NSP5 is encoded by genome...
The Human Coronavirus 229E Viroporin (229E Viroporin) Family 1.A.90 The Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV) Viroporin (HMPV-Viroporin) Family 1.A.91 The Cytoadherence-linked...
about 275 amino acid residues long, which is thought to function as a viroporin. It is the largest accessory protein and was the first of the SARS-CoV...
host cell membranes; syncytium formation SH Small hydrophobic protein Viroporin; ion channel Participates in cell fusion, but no known neutralizing epitope...
virus viroporins. While functionally uncharacterized, this putative holin (TC# 1.E.59.1.1) comes up in BLAST searches when members of viroporin families...
Cleaved by host furin into sGP (anti-inflammatory) and delta-peptide (viroporin). ssGP Super small secreted glycoprotein Q9YMG2 Shares ORF with GP; created...
The Matrix-2 (M2) protein is a proton-selective viroporin, integral in the viral envelope of the influenza A virus. The channel itself is a homotetramer...
U2 and U3). U3 has been hypothesized to be a viroporin based on sequence similarity to other viroporins. Although EKV-1 and EKV-2 were discovered in the...
method of transcription. The virus exits the host cell by lysis, and viroporins. Human parechoviruses cause mild, gastrointestinal or respiratory illness...
place by viral initiation. The virus exits the host cell by lysis and viroporins. Virions are secreted into the bile and released in stool. HAV is excreted...
transcription. The virus exits the host cell by nuclear envelope breakdown, viroporins, and lysis. Vertebrates serve as the natural host. "Viral Zone". ExPASy...
Ebola virus epidemic, Hristova co-authored Ebola Virus Delta Peptide Is a Viroporin to describe an effort to slow the virus's spread. She began the study...
shunting. The virus exits the host cell by nuclear envelope breakdown, viroporins, and lysis. Human, mammals, and vertebrates serve as the natural host...
initiation, and ribosomal skipping. The virus exits in host cell by lysis, and viroporins. Vertebrates serve as the natural hosts. Transmission routes are fecal-oral...
that the SARS-CoV ORF8a protein assembles into multimers and forms a viroporin. The evolutionary history of ORF8 is complex. It is among the least conserved...
method of transcription. The virus exits the host cell by lysis, and viroporins. Pig serve as the natural host. "Viral Zone". ExPASy. Retrieved 13 August...
place by ribosomal skipping. The virus exits the host cell by lysis, and viroporins. Ducks and geese serve as the natural host. Transmission routes are fecal-oral...
infect eukaryotic cells may use similar channel-forming proteins called viroporins. According to their structure there are three main classes of holins....
method of transcription. The virus exits the host cell by lysis, and viroporins. Birds serve as the natural host. Pankovics, Péter; Boros, Ákos; Phan...
transcription. The virus exits the host cell by nuclear envelope breakdown, viroporins, and lysis. Fishes serve as the natural host. "Viral Zone". ExPASy. Retrieved...
surface allow VP4 permeabilization activity on the membrane similar to viroporins. This assists in genome entry and possibly in further cell entry steps...
method of transcription. The virus exits the host cell by lysis, and viroporins. Seals serve as the natural hosts. "Viral Zone". ExPASy. Retrieved 13...
method of transcription. The virus exits the host cell by lysis, and viroporins. Birds serve as the natural host. "Viral Zone". ExPASy. Retrieved 13 August...
place by ribosomal skipping. The virus exits the host cell by lysis, and viroporins. Turkey serve as the natural host. "Viral Zone". ExPASy. Retrieved 13...
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