Animated vernier scale (“Nonius”): The lower rectangle is divided into 10 sections but is equal in length to 9 sections in the upper scale. It is used, e.g., in a vernier caliper.
Vernier acuity (from the term "vernier scale", named after astronomer Pierre Vernier) is a type of visual acuity – more precisely of hyperacuity – that measures the ability to discern a disalignment among two line segments or gratings. A subject's vernier (IPA: /ˈvɜːrnɪər/) acuity is the smallest visible offset between the stimuli that can be detected. Because the disalignments are often much smaller than the diameter and spacing of retinal receptors, vernier acuity requires neural processing and "pooling" to detect it. Because vernier acuity exceeds acuity by far, the phenomenon has been termed hyperacuity.[1] Vernier acuity develops rapidly during infancy and continues to slowly develop throughout childhood.[2][3] At approximately three to twelve months old, it surpasses grating acuity in foveal vision in humans.[2] However, vernier acuity decreases more quickly than grating acuity in peripheral vision.[4][5] Vernier acuity was first explained by Ewald Hering in 1899,[6] based on earlier data by Alfred Volkmann in 1863[7] and results by Ernst Anton Wülfing in 1892.[8]
Vernier acuity is resistant to defocus, motion, and luminance, but is subject to practice effects and changes in attention.[3] After training, observers' threshold has been shown to improve as much as 6 fold.[9]
^Westheimer, Gerald (1975). "Visual acuity and hyperacuity". Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science. 14: 570–572.
^ abRobert H. Duckman (2006). Visual Development, Diagnosis, and Treatment of the Pediatric Patient. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. pp. 36–48. ISBN 978-0-7817-5288-6.
^ abGordon Dutton; Martin Bax (25 October 2010). Visual Impairment in Children due to Damage to the Brain: Clinics in Developmental Medicine. John Wiley & Sons. p. 80. ISBN 978-1-898683-86-5.
^J.R. Brannan (23 January 1992). Applications of Parallel Processing in Vision. Elsevier. p. 95. ISBN 978-0-08-086740-3.
^Strasburger, H.; Rentschler, I.; Jüttner, M. (2011). "Peripheral vision and pattern recognition: a review". Journal of Vision. 11 (5): 1–82. doi:10.1167/11.5.13. PMID 22207654.
^Strasburger, Hans; Huber, Jörg; Rose, David (2018). "Ewald Hering (1899) On the Limits of Visual Acuity: A Translation and Commentary. With a Supplement on Alfred Volkmann (1863) Physiological Investigations in the Field of Optics". i-Perception. 9 (3): 204166951876367. doi:10.1177/2041669518763675. PMC 5990881. PMID 29899967.
^Strasburger, Hans; Rose, David (2018). "Alfred Volkmann (1863). Physiological Investigations in the Field of Optics (Physiologische Untersuchungen im Gebiete der Optik). Partial translation and Commentary; Supplement to Strasburger, H.; Huber, J.; Rose, D. (2018). "Ewald Hering (1899) On the Limits of Visual Acuity". i-Perception. 9 (3): 204166951876367. doi:10.1177/2041669518763675. PMC 5990881. PMID 29899967.
^Wülfing, Ernst Anton (1892). "Ueber den kleinsten Gesichtswinkel [On the smallest visual angle]". Zeitschrift für Biologie. Neue Folge. 11: 199–202.
^Westheimer G, McKee SP (1978). "Stereoscopic acuity for moving retinal images". Journal of the Optical Society of America. 68 (4): 450–455. Bibcode:1978JOSA...68..450W. doi:10.1364/JOSA.68.000450. PMID 671135.
Vernieracuity (from the term "vernier scale", named after astronomer Pierre Vernier) is a type of visual acuity – more precisely of hyperacuity – that...
increasing resolution and reducing measurement uncertainty by using vernieracuity to reduce human estimation error. It may be found on many types of instrument...
the limit to vernieracuity is about 8 arc seconds or 0.13 arc minutes, compared to about 0.6 arc minutes (6/4) for normal visual acuity or the 0.4 arc...
mechanism on aircraft Vernier Software & Technology, an educational technology supplier Vernieracuity, a type of visual acuity Marais-Vernier Veneer (disambiguation)...
the central retina. In an explanatory model, Hering superimposed a Vernieracuity stimulus – a disalignment among two line segments – onto an idealized...
we can resolve detail smaller than that. Also, there is the issue of vernieracuity, which is the eye's ability to detect an offset between 2 lines and...
initially coined, is vernieracuity: alignment of two edges or lines can be judged with a precision five or ten times better than acuity. In computer graphics...
spatial vision, including reductions in visual acuity, contrast sensitivity function, and vernieracuity, as well as spatial distortion, abnormal spatial...
location than to read the arc at an arbitrary position. This is due to Vernieracuity, the ability of a person to align two line segments accurately. Thus...
from appropriately structured perceptual learning tasks. In visual Vernieracuity tasks, observers judge whether one line is displaced above or below...
(1990) Contrast and duration of exposure differentially affect vernier and stereoscopic acuity. Proc R Soc Lond B Biol Sci, 241, 42-6 The Ferrier Lecture...
vernieracuity—the ability to identify the misalignment of visual objects. Visual hyperacuity is at least 10 times more sensitive than visual acuity,...
(1974). G. Westheimer, G. Hauske: Temporal and spatial interference with vernieracuity. Vision Res. 15, 1137-1141 (1975). G. Hauske, W. Wolf, U. Lupp: Matched...
review observed that they "define ensemble unity as well as interpretive acuity" and mentioned their "impeccable vocalism and outstanding ensemble singing"...
705–720. ISBN 2-8044-0525-7. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help) Louis Verniers; Theo Jozef Hermans (2009). "Brussels". Encyclopædia Britannica. Archived...
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