Failure of the brain to process input from one eye
Medical condition
Amblyopia
Other names
Lazy eye[1]
A child wearing an adhesive eyepatch to correct amblyopia
Pronunciation
/ˌæmbliˈoʊpi.ə/AM-blee-OH-pee-ə
Specialty
Ophthalmology, optometry
Symptoms
Decreased vision
Usual onset
Before age five[2]
Causes
Poor alignment of the eyes, eye being irregularly shaped such that focusing is difficult, one eye being more nearsighted or farsighted, clouding of the lens[1]
Amblyopia, also called lazy eye, is a disorder of sight in which the brain fails to fully process input from one eye and over time favors the other eye.[1] It results in decreased vision in an eye that typically appears normal in other aspects.[1] Amblyopia is the most common cause of decreased vision in a single eye among children and younger adults.[1]
The cause of amblyopia can be any condition that interferes with focusing during early childhood.[1][6] This can occur from poor alignment of the eyes (strabismic), an eye being irregularly shaped such that focusing is difficult, one eye being more nearsighted or farsighted than the other (refractive), or clouding of the lens of an eye (deprivational).[1] After the underlying cause is addressed, vision is not restored right away, as the mechanism also involves the brain.[6][7] Amblyopia can be difficult to detect, so vision testing is recommended for all children around the ages of four to five.[2]
Early detection improves treatment success.[2] Glasses may be all the treatment needed for some children.[2][4] If this is not sufficient, treatments which encourage or force the child to use the weaker eye are used.[1] This is done by either using a patch or putting atropine in the stronger eye.[1][8] Without treatment, amblyopia typically persists.[1] Treatment in adulthood is usually much less effective.[1]
Amblyopia begins by the age of five.[2] In adults, the disorder is estimated to affect 1–5% of the population.[5] While treatment improves vision, it does not typically restore it to normal in the affected eye.[2] Amblyopia was first described in the 1600s.[9] The condition may make people ineligible to be pilots or police officers.[2] The word amblyopia is from Greek ἀμβλύς amblys, meaning "blunt", and ὤψ ōps, meaning "sight".[10]
^ abcdefghijklm"Facts About Amblyopia". National Eye Institute. September 2013. Archived from the original on 27 July 2016. Retrieved 27 July 2016.
^Ferri FF (2010). Ferri's differential diagnosis: a practical guide to the differential diagnosis of symptoms, signs, and clinical disorders (2nd ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier/Mosby. p. Chapter A. ISBN 978-0-323-07699-9.
^ abMaconachie GD, Gottlob I (December 2015). "The challenges of amblyopia treatment". Biomedical Journal. 38 (6): 510–6. doi:10.1016/j.bj.2015.06.001. PMC 6138377. PMID 27013450.
^"Amblyopia (Lazy Eye)". National Eye Institute. 2 July 2019. Retrieved 31 January 2020. Putting special eye drops in the stronger eye. A once-a-day drop of the drug atropine can temporarily blur near vision, which forces the brain to use the other eye. For some kids, this treatment works as well as an eye patch, and some parents find it easier to use (for example, because young children may try to pull off eye patches).
^Bianchi PE, Ricciardelli G, Bianchi A, Arbanini A, Fazzi E (2016). "Chapter 2: Visual Development in Childhood". In Fazzi E, Bianchi PE (eds.). Visual Impairments and Developmental Disorders: From diagnosis to rehabilitation Mariani Foundation Paediatric Neurology. John Libbey Eurotext. p. 26. ISBN 978-2-7420-1482-8. Archived from the original on 8 September 2017.
^"Online Etymology Dictionary". etymonline.com. Archived from the original on 8 September 2017. Retrieved 5 May 2017.
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eye, but it also has a therapeutic use in children for the treatment of amblyopia. Eyepatches used to block light while sleeping are referred to as a sleep...
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It is generally thought that amblyopia is a permanent condition, but NPR reports a case where a patient with amblyopia regains stereo vision (Susan R...
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retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration (AMD), cataract, myopia and amblyopia. NEI also funds research on many other causes of vision loss including...
dictionary. Lazy eye refers to several specific ophthalmic disorders: Amblyopia, a disorder of visual development in which the brain partially or wholly...
childhood, amblyopia is currently incurable in adulthood because surgical treatment effectiveness changes as a child matures. Consequently, amblyopia is the...
Academy of Dramatic Arts in the 1970s. Thomas has an eye condition called amblyopia. "Ernest Lee Thomas is what's happenin'!". October 14, 2010. "Ernest Thomas"...
that affecting vision will cause amblyopia. That type of amblyopia is known as form-deprivation amblyopia (or amblyopia ex anopsia). Secondary changes may...
life. If it occurs in early life and is left untreated, it may result in amblyopia. The cause of astigmatism is unclear; however, it is believed to be partly...
refractive errors such as myopia, high hypermetropia, and astigmatism, amblyopia, presbyopia, pseudomyopia, diabetes, cataract, pernicious anemia, vitamin...
excessive sweating. It can even affect the eyes, causing scotoma and amblyopia. The condition occurs more frequently in women, and usually manifests...
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both healthy individuals and, particularly, those with disorders like amblyopia. Ruxandra Sireteanu was born in Mediaș, Romania, on 19 September 1945...
improving binocular vision in patients with anisometropic or strabismic amblyopia. In these methods, data has been presented within a virtual reality environment...
vertical miscoordination between the two eyes may lead to Strabismic amblyopia, (due to deprivation / suppression of the deviating eye) cosmetic defect...
Hofeldt, Gregory T.; Simon, John W. (2002-10-01). "Polycoria, miosis, and amblyopia". Journal of American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus...
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