Venera 8 (Russian: Венера-8 meaning Venus 8) was a probe in the Soviet Venera program for the exploration of Venus and was the second robotic space probe to conduct a successful landing on the surface of Venus.[2]
Venera 8 was a Venus atmospheric probe and lander. Its instrumentation included temperature, pressure, and light sensors as well as an altimeter, gamma ray spectrometer, gas analyzer, and radio transmitters.
^ abSiddiqi, Asif (2018). Beyond Earth: A Chronicle of Deep Space Exploration, 1958–2016(PDF) (second ed.). NASA History Program Office.
^Harvey, Brian (2007). Russian Planetary Exploration History, Development, Legacy and Prospects. Springer-Praxis. pp. 115–118. ISBN 9780387463438.
Venera8 (Russian: Венера-8 meaning Venus 8) was a probe in the Soviet Venera program for the exploration of Venus and was the second robotic space probe...
The Venera (Russian: Вене́ра, pronounced [vʲɪˈnʲɛrə], which means "Venus" in Russian) program was the name given to a series of space probes developed...
Venera 13 (Russian: Венера-13 'Venus 13') was part of the Soviet Venera program meant to explore Venus. Venera 13 and 14 were identical spacecraft built...
Venera 1 (Russian: Венера-1 meaning Venus 1), also known as Venera-1VA No.2 and occasionally in the West as Sputnik 8 was the first spacecraft to perform...
Venera 9 (Russian: Венера-9, lit. 'Venus-9'), manufacturer's designation: 4V-1 No. 660, was a Soviet uncrewed space mission to Venus. It consisted of an...
Venera 14 (called Venus 14 in English) was a probe in the Soviet Venera program for the exploration of Venus. Venera 14 was identical to the Venera 13...
The Venera 11 (Russian: Венера-11 meaning Venus 11) was a Soviet uncrewed space mission which was part of the Venera program to explore the planet Venus...
to Earth. Venera 7 remained in contact with Earth for 23 minutes, relaying surface temperatures of 455 to 475 °C (851 to 887 °F). Venera8 landed on July...
systems. The spacecraft was identical to Venera 16 and based on modifications to the earlier Venera space probes. Venera 15 was launched on June 2, 1983, at...
Union followed by the United States have soft landed probes on the surface. Venera 7 was the first lander overall and first for the Soviet Union, touching...
Soviet Venera 5 and Venera 6 probes were crushed by high pressure while still 18 km above the surface. Following landers such as Venera 7 and Venera8 succeeded...
Venera 10 (Russian: Венера-10 meaning Venus 10), or 4V-1 No. 661, was a Soviet uncrewed space mission to Venus. It consisted of an orbiter and a lander...
for Soviet planetary probes, including the KDU-414 used in Venera 1, Mars 1 up to Venera8, the KTDU-425 used in later planetary probes, KTDU-5 used in...
Venera 16 (Russian: Венера-16 meaning Venus 16) was a spacecraft sent to Venus by the Soviet Union. This uncrewed orbiter was to map the surface of Venus...
The Venera 12 (Russian: Венера-12 meaning Venus 12) was an uncrewed Soviet space mission designed to explore the planet Venus. Venera 12 was launched...
interplanetary flight, Venera 1, followed by many essential interplanetary firsts, such as the first soft landing on another planet by Venera 7 in 1970. These...
atmosphere of Venus was tentatively detected by two atmospheric probes - Venera8 and Pioneer Venus Multiprobe, although the detection was rejected that...
April 2019. "Venera8". nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov. Archived from the original on 20 April 2022. Retrieved 16 April 2019. "In Depth | Venera8". Solar System...
Venera 7 (Russian: Венера-7, lit. 'Venus 7') was a Soviet spacecraft, part of the Venera series of probes to Venus. When it landed the Venusian surface...
Venera 2 (Russian: Венера-2 meaning Venus 2), also known as 3MV-4 No.4 was a Soviet spacecraft intended to explore Venus. A 3MV-4 spacecraft launched as...
mission change in the Venera program, following on from the cancellation of the American Halley mission in 1981. A later Venera mission was canceled and...
65 Ovid. Metamorphoses. Book XI, 295. Servius. ad Aen. 4,484. Serv. Ecl. 8.30 Diodorus Siculus, The Library of History translated by Charles Henry Oldfather...
A transit of Venus was observed from Earth on 8 June 2004. The event received significant attention, since it was the first Venus transit after the invention...
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