12 November 1965, 05:02 (1965-11-12UTC05:02Z) UTC[3]
Rocket
Molniya 8K78M
Launch site
Baikonur 31/6
End of mission
Last contact
February 1966 (1966-03) Shortly before flyby
Orbital parameters
Reference system
Geocentric
Regime
Low Earth
Perigee altitude
205 kilometres (127 mi)
Apogee altitude
315 kilometres (196 mi)
Inclination
51.8°
Period
89.71 minutes
Flyby of Venus
Closest approach
27 February 1966, 02:52 UTC
Distance
23,810 kilometres (14,790 mi)
Venera
← Kosmos 27
Venera 3 →
Venera 2 (Russian: Венера-2 meaning Venus 2), also known as 3MV-4 No.4 was a Soviet spacecraft intended to explore Venus. A 3MV-4 spacecraft launched as part of the Venera programme, it failed to return data after flying past Venus.
Venera 2 was launched by a Molniya carrier rocket, flying from Site 31/6 at the Baikonur Cosmodrome.[3] The launch occurred at 05:02 UTC on 12 November 1965, with the first three stages placing the spacecraft and Blok-L upper stage into a low Earth parking orbit before the Blok-L fired to propel Venera 2 into heliocentric orbit bound for Venus, with perihelion of 0.716 AU, aphelion of 1.197 AU, eccentricity of 0.252, inclination of 4.29 degrees and orbital period of 341 days.
The Venera 2 spacecraft was equipped with cameras, as well as a magnetometer, solar and cosmic x-ray detectors, piezoelectric detectors, ion traps, a Geiger counter and receivers to measure cosmic radio emissions.[4] The spacecraft made its closest approach to Venus at 02:52 UTC on 27 February 1966, at a distance of 23,810 kilometres (14,790 mi).[2]
During the flyby, all of Venera 2's instruments were activated, requiring that radio contact with the spacecraft be suspended. The probe was to have stored data using onboard recorders, and then transmitted it to Earth once contact was restored. Following the flyby the spacecraft failed to reestablish communications with the ground. It was declared lost on 4 March 1966.[4] An investigation into the failure determined that the spacecraft had overheated due to a radiator malfunction.[4][5]
^Krebs, Gunter. "Interplanetary Probes". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 11 April 2013.
^ abc"Venera 2". NASA Space Science Data Coordinated Archive. Retrieved 11 April 2013.
^ abMcDowell, Jonathan. "Launch Log". Jonathan's Space Page. Retrieved 11 April 2013.
^ abcSiddiqi, Asif A. (2002). "1965". Deep Space Chronicle: A Chronology of Deep Space and Planetary Probes 1958-2000(PDF). Monographs in Aerospace History, No. 24. NASA History Office. pp. 47–52.
^"In Depth | Venera 2". NASA Solar System Exploration. Archived from the original on 18 August 2019. Retrieved 18 August 2019.
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