Global InformationVeganism information
| Veganism | |
|---|---|
 The symbol widely used to denote a vegan-friendly product | |
| Pronunciation | Veganism /ˈviːɡənɪzəm/ VEE-gə-niz-əm Vegan /ˈviːɡən/ VEE-gən[a] |
| Description | Avoiding the use of animal products, particularly in diet |
| Earliest proponents |
|
| Term coined by | Dorothy Morgan and Donald Watson (November 1944)[3][4] |
| Notable vegans | List of vegans |
| Notable publications | List of vegan media |
Veganism is the practice of abstaining from the use of animal products—particularly in diet—and an associated philosophy that rejects the commodity status of animals.[c] A person who follows the diet or philosophy is known as a vegan.
Distinctions may be made between several categories of veganism. Dietary vegans, also known as "strict vegetarians", refrain from consuming meat, eggs, dairy products, and any other animal-derived substances.[d] An ethical vegan is someone who not only excludes animal products from their diet but also tries to avoid using animals,[19] animal products,[e] and animal-tested products[22] when practical.[23] Another term is "environmental veganism", which refers to the avoidance of animal products on the grounds that the industrial farming of animals is environmentally damaging and unsustainable.[24] Another motivation for veganism is concern about animal welfare.
Vegan diets tend to be higher in dietary fiber, magnesium, folic acid, vitamin C, vitamin E, iron, and phytochemicals, and lower in dietary energy, saturated fat, cholesterol, omega-3 fatty acid, vitamin D, calcium, zinc, and vitamin B12.[f] As a result of the elimination of all animal products, a poorly planned vegan diet can lead to nutritional deficiencies that counteract its beneficial effects and cause serious health issues,[25][26][27] some of which can only be prevented with fortified foods or dietary supplements.[25][28] Vitamin B12 supplementation is important because its deficiency can cause blood disorders and potentially irreversible neurological damage; this danger is also one of the most common in poorly planned non-vegan diets.[27][29][30]
The word vegan was coined by Donald Watson and his later wife Dorothy Morgan in 1944.[3][31] Interest in veganism increased significantly in the 2010s.
- ^ "Definition of VEGANISM". www.merriam-webster.com. 25 April 2023.
- ^ "the definition of veganism". www.dictionary.com.
- ^ a b c Cite error: The named reference
VeganSociety2014was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ a b Adams CJ (2014). Never too late to go vegan: the over-50 guide to adopting and thriving on a plant-based diet. Patti Breitman, Virginia Messina. New York: The Experiment. p. 8. ISBN 978-1-61519-098-0. OCLC 864299353.
In 1944, the word vegan (pronounced VEEgan) was coined. A group was forming and needed a name. Donald Watson and Dorothy Morgan, members of the group, were at a dance, discussing the need for a word that denoted the kind of vegetarian who used no animal products. What if the first three and last two letters of the word vegetarian were taken to describe people who at the time were called nondairy vegetarians? Morgan proposed the name; Watson liked it, as did the other members. Morgan and Watson married, and along with twenty-three other people, they founded the Vegan Society in England.
- ^ "Meaning of vegan – Infoplease". InfoPlease.
- ^ Records of Buckinghamshire, Volume 3, BPC Letterpress, 1870, 68.
- ^ Karen Iacobbo, Michael Iacobbo, Vegetarian America: A History, Greenwood Publishing Group, 2004, 3. ISBN 978-0-275-97519-7
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
Latham1999p168was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Renier H (March 2012). "An Early Vegan: Lewis Gompertz". London Historians. Retrieved 22 April 2020.
- ^ Richard Francis, Fruitlands: The Alcott Family and their Search for Utopia, New Haven: Yale University Press, 2010, 11. ISBN 978-0-300-17790-9
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
WatsonInterviewswas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Pedersen H, Staescu V (2014). "Conclusion: Future Directions for Critical Animal Studies". In Taylor N, Twine R (eds.). The Rise of Critical Animal Studies: From the Margins to the Centre. Routledge. pp. 262–276. ISBN 978-1-135-10087-2.
- ^ Gary Steiner, 206 Animals and the Limits of Postmodernism, Columbia University Press, 2013.
- ^ Gary Francione, "Animal Welfare, Happy Meat and Veganism as the Moral Baseline", in David M. Kaplan, The Philosophy of Food, University of California Press, 2012 (169–189) 182. ISBN 978-0-231-16790-1
- ^ Laura Wright, The Vegan Studies Project: Food, Animals, and Gender in the Age of Terror, University of Georgia Press, 2015, 2. ISBN 978-0-8203-4856-8
- ^ Brenda Davis, Vesanto Melina, Becoming Vegan: Express Edition, Summertown: Book Publishing Company, 2013, 3. ISBN 978-1-4596-9625-9
- ^ Laura H. Kahn, Michael S. Bruner, "Politics on Your Plate: Building and Burning Bridges across Organics, Vegetarian, and Vegan Discourse", in Joshua Frye (ed.), The Rhetoric of Food: Discourse, Materiality, and Power, Routledge, 2012, 46. ISBN 978-0-203-11345-5
- ^ Tuso PJ, Ismail MH, Ha BP, Bartolotto C (2013). "Nutritional Update for Physicians: Plant-Based Diets". The Permanente Journal. 17 (2): 61–66. doi:10.7812/TPP/12-085. PMC 3662288. PMID 23704846.
- ^ "Ethical Veganism". Ethical Vegan Education. Generate Press. 27 January 2020. Retrieved 30 March 2023.
Therefore, Ethical Veganism, the Animal Rights position, is based on these two simple ideas: Using animals is not acceptable. How we treat them is irrelevant.
- ^ Francione GL, Garner R (2010). "The Abolition of Animal Exploitation". The Animal Rights Debate: Abolition Or Regulation? (Paperback). Critical Perspectives on Animals: Theory, Culture, Science, and Law. New York: Columbia University Press (published 26 October 2010). ISBN 978-0-231-14955-6. OCLC 705765194. Archived from the original on 20 April 2018. Retrieved 20 April 2018.
- ^ Greenebaum J (29 April 2015). "Veganism, Identity and the Quest for Authenticity". Food, Culture & Society. 15 (1): 129–144. doi:10.2752/175174412x13190510222101. S2CID 145011543.
- ^ B., Daniel (21 March 2022). "Is Impossible Burger Vegan? Can Vegans Eat Impossible Burger?". Can Vegans Eat. Retrieved 25 March 2023.
Soy leghemoglobin does sound like good news because it is as vegan as a meat-flavored plant-based ingredient can get. Unfortunately, this same ingredient will strip Impossible Burger of its vegan status. It appears that Impossible Foods performed tests on rats to make sure that the Impossible Burger is safe for human consumption.
- ^ Jenni (May 2022). "Can Vegans Drive Cars?". Choose Veganism. Archived from the original on 7 February 2023. Retrieved 7 February 2023.
Sorry to break it to you, but it's impossible to buy a car that is 100% vegan. However, as it's often not practical for many people to avoid having a car in today's society, vegans who need to drive a car should look for the most vegan-friendly car options.
- ^ Watson P (21 September 2010). "Sea Shepherd's Paul Watson: 'You don't watch whales die and hold signs and do nothing'". The Guardian (Interview). Interviewed by Michael Shapiro. Archived from the original on 1 March 2018. Retrieved 1 March 2018.
Stop eating the ocean. Don't eat anything out of the ocean – there is no such thing as a sustainable fishery. If people eat meat, make sure it's organic and isn't contributing to the destruction of the ocean because 40 percent of all the fish that's caught out of the ocean is fed to livestock – chickens on factory farms are fed fish meal. And be cognizant of the fact that if the oceans die, we die. Therefore our ultimate responsibility is to protect biodiversity in our world's oceans.
Matthew Cole, "Veganism", in Margaret Puskar-Pasewicz (ed.), Cultural Encyclopedia of Vegetarianism, ABC-Clio, 2010 (239–241), 241.
- ^ a b c Craig WJ (May 2009). "Health effects of vegan diets". The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 89 (5): 1627S–1633S. doi:10.3945/ajcn.2009.26736N. PMID 19279075.
However, eliminating all animal products from the diet increases the risk of certain nutritional deficiencies.
- ^ Di Genova T, Guyda H (March 2007). "Infants and children consuming atypical diets: Vegetarianism and macrobiotics". Paediatrics & Child Health. 12 (3): 185–188. doi:10.1093/pch/12.3.185. PMC 2528709. PMID 19030357.
- ^ a b Rizzo G, Laganà AS, Rapisarda AM, La Ferrera GM, Buscema M, Rossetti P, et al. (2016). "Vitamin B12 among Vegetarians: Status, Assessment and Supplementation". Nutrients (Review). 8 (12): 767. doi:10.3390/nu8120767. PMC 5188422. PMID 27916823.
- ^ Melina V, Craig W, Levin S (December 2016). "Position of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics: Vegetarian Diets". Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics. 116 (12): 1970–1980. doi:10.1016/j.jand.2016.09.025. PMID 27886704. S2CID 4984228. Archived from the original on 8 July 2019. Retrieved 29 July 2019.
- ^ Hannibal L, Lysne V, Bjørke-Monsen AL, Behringer S, Grünert SC, Spiekerkoetter U, et al. (2016). "Biomarkers and Algorithms for the Diagnosis of Vitamin B12 Deficiency". Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences. 3: 27. doi:10.3389/fmolb.2016.00027. PMC 4921487. PMID 27446930.
- ^ Gille D, Schmid A (February 2015). "Vitamin B12 in meat and dairy products". Nutrition Reviews (Review). 73 (2): 106–15. doi:10.1093/nutrit/nuu011. PMID 26024497.
- ^ Davis J (2016). "The Origins of the Vegans: 1944–46" (PDF). Vegetarian Society. pp. 8, 12.
Dorothy, nee Morgan, had passed away about ten years before Donald, having long since retired as head of a small village primary school. ... The Vegan Society AGM on Sunday November 10, 1946, at Friends House, Euston, London (TV Spring 1947 pp.4–5) was reminded that Donald Watson had already said he could not continue running everything himself (He had married Dorothy two weeks earlier).
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