Vasoactive intestinal peptide, also known as vasoactive intestinal polypeptide or VIP, is a peptide hormone that is vasoactive in the intestine. VIP is a peptide of 28 amino acid residues that belongs to a glucagon/secretin superfamily, the ligand of class II G protein–coupled receptors.[5]
VIP is produced in many tissues of vertebrates including the gut, pancreas, cortex, and suprachiasmatic nuclei of the hypothalamus in the brain.[6][7][8] VIP stimulates contractility in the heart, causes vasodilation, increases glycogenolysis, lowers arterial blood pressure and relaxes the smooth muscle of trachea, stomach and gallbladder. In humans, the vasoactive intestinal peptide is encoded by the VIP gene.[9]
VIP has a half-life (t½) in the blood of about two minutes.[10]
^ abcGRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000146469 – Ensembl, May 2017
^ abcGRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000019772 – Ensembl, May 2017
^"Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^"Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^Umetsu Y, Tenno T, Goda N, Shirakawa M, Ikegami T, Hiroaki H (May 2011). "Structural difference of vasoactive intestinal peptide in two distinct membrane-mimicking environments". Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Proteins and Proteomics. 1814 (5): 724–30. doi:10.1016/j.bbapap.2011.03.009. PMID 21439408.
^Juhász T, Helgadottir SL, Tamás A, Reglődi D, Zákány R (April 2015). "PACAP and VIP signaling in chondrogenesis and osteogenesis" (PDF). Peptides. 66: 51–7. doi:10.1016/j.peptides.2015.02.001. hdl:2437/208376. PMID 25701761. S2CID 8300971.
^Delgado M, Ganea D (July 2013). "Vasoactive intestinal peptide: a neuropeptide with pleiotropic immune functions". Amino Acids. 45 (1): 25–39. doi:10.1007/s00726-011-1184-8. PMC 3883350. PMID 22139413.
^Fahrenkrug J (2010-01-01). "VIP and PACAP". Cellular Peptide Hormone Synthesis and Secretory Pathways. Results and Problems in Cell Differentiation. Vol. 50. pp. 221–34. doi:10.1007/400_2009_24. ISBN 978-3-642-11834-0. PMID 19859678.
^Hahm SH, Eiden LE (December 1998). "Cis-regulatory elements controlling basal and inducible VIP gene transcription". Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 865 (1): 10–26. Bibcode:1998NYASA.865...10H. doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1998.tb11158.x. PMID 9927992. S2CID 24889373.
Vasoactiveintestinalpeptide, also known as vasoactiveintestinal polypeptide or VIP, is a peptide hormone that is vasoactive in the intestine. VIP is...
There are two known receptors for the vasoactiveintestinalpeptide (VIP) termed VPAC1 and VPAC2. These receptors bind both VIP and pituitary adenylate...
throughout the intestinal tract. Hormones secreted include somatostatin, motilin, cholecystokinin, neurotensin, vasoactiveintestinalpeptide, and enteroglucagon...
vipoma (/vɪˈpoʊmə/) is a rare endocrine tumor that overproduces vasoactiveintestinalpeptide (thus VIP + -oma). The incidence is about 1 per 10,000,000 per...
Vasoactiveintestinalpeptide receptor 2 also known as VPAC2, is a G-protein coupled receptor that in humans is encoded by the VIPR2 gene. VIPR2 is expressed...
glucagon, vasoactiveintestinalpeptide and gastric inhibitory peptide Somatostatin family Motilin family Substance P. Ghrelin is a peptide hormone released...
peptides. Monoamines are synthesized by altering a single amino acid. For example, the precursor of serotonin is the amino acid tryptophan. Peptide transmitters...
and hypothermia in rats. Some are similar in action of the vasoactiveintestinalpeptide (VIP), which relaxes smooth muscle and regulates water and electrolyte...
associated with carcinoid syndrome, and diarrhea in people with vasoactiveintestinalpeptide-secreting tumors (VIPomas). Octreotide is also used in mild...
testis. VPAC1 is a receptor for vasoactiveintestinalpeptide (VIP), a small neuropeptide. Vasoactiveintestinalpeptide is involved in smooth muscle relaxation...
hormone histamine from enterochromaffin-like cells (ECLs). Vasoactiveintestinalpeptide, cholecystokinin, and secretin all inhibit production. The production...
polypeptide (PACAP) and it has an amino acid sequence homology to vasoactiveintestinalpeptide, secretin, glucagon, and other growth hormone releasing factor...
and high blood glucose levels VIPoma, producing excessive vasoactiveintestinalpeptide, which may cause profound chronic watery diarrhea and resultant...
several cell types and several different peptides (including vasopressin and vasoactiveintestinalpeptide) and neurotransmitters. Disruptions or damage...
hormone and analogues (e.g., protirelin, taltirelin), and vasoactiveintestinalpeptide. Serotonergic agents such as serotonin precursors (e.g., tryptophan)...
include vasoactiveintestinalpeptide receptors and receptors for secretin, calcitonin and parathyroid hormone/parathyroid hormone-related peptides. These...
increased cell proliferation and impaired apoptosis. Expression of vasoactiveintestinalpeptide, a potent vasodilator with anti-inflammatory and immune-modulatory...
causes inactivation of trypsin. The pancreas also secretes vasoactiveintestinalpeptide and pancreatic polypeptide. Enterochromaffin cells of the pancreas...
neuropeptide Y, substance P, and vasoactiveintestinalpeptide. Galanin was first identified from porcine intestinal extracts in 1978 by Professor Viktor...