A vascular anomaly is any of a range of lesions from a simple birthmark to a large tumor that may be disfiguring. They are caused by a disorder of the vascular system.[1] A vascular anomaly is a localized defect in blood or lymph vessels. These defects are characterized by an increased number of vessels, and vessels that are both enlarged and sinuous. Some vascular anomalies are congenital, others appear within weeks to years after birth, and others are acquired by trauma or during pregnancy. Inherited vascular anomalies are also described and often present with a number of lesions that increase with age. Vascular anomalies can also be a part of a syndrome.[citation needed]
The estimated prevalence of vascular anomalies is 4.5%.[2] Vascular anomalies can occur throughout the whole body, but in 60% of patients they are localized in the head and neck region.[3]
Vascular anomalies can present in various ways, when situated deep below the skin, they appear blue, and are often called cavernous. Superficial vascular anomalies appear as red-coloured stains and are associated with vascular anomalies affecting the dermis. Historically, vascular anomalies have been labeled with descriptive terms, according to the food they resembled (port wine, strawberry, cherry, salmon patch). This imprecise terminology has caused diagnostic confusion, blocked communication and even caused incorrect treatment, as it does not differentiate between various vascular anomalies.[4] However, in 1982, Mulliken introduced a classification that replaced these descriptive terms and gave direction to the management of various vascular anomalies. This classification, based on clinical features, natural history and cellular characteristics, divides vascular anomalies into two groups: vascular tumors and vascular malformations.[5]
Although vascular tumors and vascular malformations can resemble each other, there are important differences between both.
^Steiner, JE; Drolet, BA (September 2017). "Classification of Vascular Anomalies: An Update". Seminars in Interventional Radiology. 34 (3): 225–232. doi:10.1055/s-0037-1604295. PMC 5615389. PMID 28955111.
^Greene, AK (January 2011). "Vascular anomalies: current overview of the field". Clinics in Plastic Surgery. 38 (1): 1–5. doi:10.1016/j.cps.2010.08.004. PMID 21095467.
^Ernemann, U; Kramer, U; Miller, S; Bisdas, S; Rebmann, H; Breuninger, H; Zwick, C; Hoffmann, J (July 2010). "Current concepts in the classification, diagnosis and treatment of vascular anomalies". European Journal of Radiology. 75 (1): 2–11. doi:10.1016/j.ejrad.2010.04.009. PMID 20466500.
^Hassanein, AH; Mulliken, JB; Fishman, SJ; Greene, AK (January 2011). "Evaluation of terminology for vascular anomalies in current literature". Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. 127 (1): 347–51. doi:10.1097/PRS.0b013e3181f95b83. PMID 21200229. S2CID 21459193.
^Mulliken, JB; Glowacki, J (March 1982). "Hemangiomas and vascular malformations in infants and children: a classification based on endothelial characteristics". Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. 69 (3): 412–22. doi:10.1097/00006534-198203000-00002. PMID 7063565. S2CID 21584838.
A vascularanomaly is any of a range of lesions from a simple birthmark to a large tumor that may be disfiguring. They are caused by a disorder of the...
lead to superior vena cava syndrome. A vascularanomaly can be either a vascular tumor or a birthmark, or a vascular malformation. In a tumor such as infantile...
esophageal varices.[citation needed] A vascularanomaly can be either a vascular tumor or a birthmark, or a vascular malformation. In a tumor such as infantile...
A vascular malformation is a blood vessel or lymph vessel abnormality. Vascular malformations are one of the classifications of vascularanomalies, the...
and veins, bypassing the capillary system. Usually congenital, this vascularanomaly is widely known because of its occurrence in the central nervous system...
subclavian artery. This abnormality is the most common congenital vascularanomaly of the aortic arch, occurring in approximately 1% of individuals. This...
called a strawberry mark due to appearance, is a type of benign vascular tumor or anomaly that affects babies. Other names include capillary hemangioma...
constantly being updated by the International Society for the Study of VascularAnomalies (ISSVA). The most common are infantile hemangiomas, and congenital...
Vascular surgery is a surgical subspecialty in which vascular diseases involving the arteries, veins, or lymphatic vessels, are managed by medical therapy...
make up one of the classifications of vascularanomalies. The other grouping is vascular malformations. Vascular tumors can be further subclassified as...
with complex vascularanomalies. CLOVES syndrome affects people with various symptoms, ranging from mild fatty soft-tissue tumors to vascular malformations...
Valproic acid, an often-used anticonvulsant and mood-stabilizing drug Vascularanomaly, in medicine Ventral anterior nucleus, a component of the thalamus...
brigade coverage Port-wine stain, a mark on the human body caused by a vascularanomaly This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Firemark...
Lee BB (January 2020). "Sirolimus in the treatment of vascularanomalies". Journal of Vascular Surgery. 71 (1): 328. doi:10.1016/j.jvs.2019.08.246. PMID 31864650...
constantly from the mouth. Caliber persistent artery describes a common vascularanomaly where a main arterial branch extends into superficial submucosal tissues...
(people of African descent often have what appears to be clubbing) Vascularanomalies of the affected arm such as an axillary artery aneurysm (in unilateral...
angiomatosis Angiomatosis Angiomatosis retinae List of cutaneous conditions Vascularanomalies Robbins and Cotran, "Pathologic Basis of Disease", by Ninay Kumar...
body structures. CM can be considered an umbrella term for various vascularanomalies caused by increased diameter or number of capillary blood vessels...
throughout their life. Vascularanomalies – vascular malformations, hemangiomas, and rare vascular tumors. Not only do vascularanomalies have often prominent...
cardiovascular malformation. DAA is an anomaly of the aortic arch in which two aortic arches form a complete vascular ring that can compress the trachea and/or...
The morning glory disc anomaly (MGDA) is a congenital deformity resulting from failure of the optic nerve to completely form in utero. The term was coined...
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