A 1904 gynecology textbook that describes some vaginal anomalies
Vaginal anomalies are abnormal structures that are formed (or not formed) during the prenatal development of the female reproductive system and are rare congenital defects that result in an abnormal or absent vagina.[1]
When present, they are often found with uterine, skeletal and urinary abnormalities.[2][3] This is because these structures, like the vagina, are most susceptible to disruption during crucial times of organ-genesis. Many of these defects are classified under the broader term Müllerian duct anomalies.[2][4] Müllerian duct anomalies are caused by a disturbance during the embryonic time of genitourinary development.[5]
The other isolated incidents of vaginal anomalies can occur with no apparent cause. Oftentimes vaginal anomalies are part of a cluster of defects or syndromes. In addition, inheritance can play a part as can prenatal exposure to some teratogens.[2][6][7][8] Many vaginal anomalies are not detected at birth because the external genitalia appear to be normal.[2] Other organs of the reproductive system may not be affected by an abnormality of the vagina. The uterus, fallopian tubes and ovaries can be functional despite the presence of a defect of the vagina and external genitalia.[2]
A vaginal anomaly may not affect fertility. Though it depends on the extent of the vaginal defect, it is possible for conception to occur. In instances where a functional ovary exists, IVF may be successful. Functioning ovaries in a woman with a vaginal defect allows the implantation of a fertilized ovum into the uterus of an unaffected gestational carrier, usually another human. A successful conception and can occur.[9][2] Vaginal length varies from 6.5 to 12.5 cm. Since this is slightly shorter than older descriptions, it may impact the diagnosis of women with vaginal agenesis or hypoplasia who may unnecessarily be encouraged to undergo treatment to increase the size of the vagina.[10]
Vaginal anomalies may cause difficulties in urination, conception, pregnancy, impair sex. Psychosocial effects can also exist.[11]
^"Vaginal Anomalies - Pediatrics - Merck Manuals Professional Edition". Merck Manuals Professional Edition. Retrieved 2018-02-06.
^Altchek A, Paciuc J (October 2009). "Successful pregnancy following surgery in the obstructed uterus in a uterus didelphys with unilateral distal vaginal agenesis and ipsilateral renal agenesis: case report and literature review". Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology. 22 (5): e159-62. doi:10.1016/j.jpag.2009.02.001. PMID 19576808.
Vaginalanomalies are abnormal structures that are formed (or not formed) during the prenatal development of the female reproductive system and are rare...
anatomical conditions. Vaginalanomalies are defects that result in an abnormal or absent vagina. The most common obstructive vaginalanomaly is an imperforate...
A vaginal septum is a vaginalanomaly that is partition within the vagina; such a septum could be either longitudinal or transverse. In some affected...
affecting the myocardial muscle Vaginalanomalies Anomalous, a species of moth in the Noctuid family Chromosome anomaly, a disorder caused by a structural...
vaginal epithelium may impact the understanding of vaginalanomalies. Vaginal adenosis is a vaginalanomaly traced to displacement of normal vaginal tissue...
is sometimes seen in Robinow syndrome, uterus didelphys, or other vaginalanomalies. A related disorder is hematometra, where the uterus fills with menstrual...
Vaginal stenosis is an abnormal condition in which the vagina becomes narrower and shorter due to the formation of fibrous tissue. Vaginal stenosis can...
congenital anomalies frequently prompt radiographic evaluation in the newborn, resulting in a diagnosis of coincident vaginal atresia. Symptoms for vaginal atresia...
and diarrhea. Other vaginalanomalies can have similar symptoms to an imperforate hymen. Vaginal atresia and a transverse vaginal septum require differentiation...
screening tool for fetal anomalies, the sensitivity of this scan is highly variable and potentially detects only 40% of all fetal anomalies. The ability of this...
partially covers the vaginal opening. A small percentage are born with hymens that are imperforate and completely obstruct the vaginal canal. It forms part...
or the agenesis (total absence) of the different parts of the uterus: Vaginal hypoplasia or agenesis Cervical hypoplasia or agenesis Fundal hypoplasia...
Lactobacillus species are normally a major part of the vaginal microbiota. Lactobacillus forms biofilms in the vaginal and gut microbiota, allowing them to persist...
Supernumerary body part Uterus didelphys Vaginal septum Tirtayasa, Pande (2013). "Diphallia with Associated Anomalies: A Case Report and Literature Review"...
dysbiotic conditions of the vaginal ecosystem (bacterial vaginitis, vaginal trichomoniasis, and to a lesser extent, vaginal candidiasis). Secondarily,...
revealed. Due to a very broad range of anomalies it is very difficult to diagnose paramesonephric duct anomalies. Due to improved surgical instruments...
experience of vaginal orgasms, taking into account the stimulation of the internal parts of the clitoris during vaginal penetration. "The vaginal wall is,...
delivered via caesarean section because it is seen as safer than being born vaginally. Doctors and midwives in the developing world often lack many of the skills...
obstructed (or blind) hemivagina and ipsilateral renal agenesis (or renal anomalies). It can also affect the urethra, urethral sphincter, ureters, bladder...
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