"Uralic" redirects here. For other uses, see Uralic (disambiguation).
Uralic
Finno-Ugric
Geographic distribution
Central Europe, Northern Europe, Eastern Europe, and Northern Asia
Linguistic classification
One of the world's primary language families
Proto-language
Proto-Uralic
Subdivisions
Sámi
Finnic
Mordvinic
Mari
Permic
Hungarian
Mansi
Khanty
Samoyedic
ISO 639-5
urj
Glottolog
ural1272
Distribution of the undisputed branches of the Uralic family at the early 20th century[1][2]
The Uralic languages (/jʊəˈrælɪk/yoor-AL-ik; by some called Uralian languages/jʊəˈreɪliən/yoor-AY-lee-ən) form a language family of 42[3] languages spoken predominantly in Europe and North Asia. The Uralic languages with the most native speakers are Hungarian (which alone accounts for approximately 60% of speakers), Finnish, and Estonian. Other languages with speakers above 100,000 are Erzya, Moksha, Mari, Udmurt and Komi spoken in the European parts of the Russian Federation. Still smaller minority languages are Sámi languages of the northern Fennoscandia; other members of the Finnic languages, ranging from Livonian in northern Latvia to Karelian in northwesternmost Russia; and the Samoyedic languages, Mansi and Khanty spoken in Western Siberia.
The name Uralic derives from the family's purported "original homeland" (Urheimat) hypothesized to have been somewhere in the vicinity of the Ural Mountains, and was first proposed by Julius Klaproth in Asia Polyglotta (1823).[4][5]
Finno-Ugric is sometimes used as a synonym for Uralic,[6] though Finno-Ugric is widely understood to exclude the Samoyedic languages.[7] Scholars who do not accept the traditional notion that Samoyedic split first from the rest of the Uralic family may treat the terms as synonymous.[8]
^Rantanen, Timo; Tolvanen, Harri; Roose, Meeli; Ylikoski, Jussi; Vesakoski, Outi (2022-06-08). "Best practices for spatial language data harmonization, sharing and map creation—A case study of Uralic". PLOS ONE. 17 (6): e0269648. Bibcode:2022PLoSO..1769648R. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0269648. PMC 9176854. PMID 35675367.
^Rantanen, Timo; Vesakoski, Outi; Ylikoski, Jussi; Tolvanen, Harri (2021-05-25), Geographical database of the Uralic languages, doi:10.5281/ZENODO.4784188
^"Uralic". Ethnologue. Retrieved 2024-01-22.
^Klaproth, Julius (1823). Asia Polyglotta (in German). Paris: A. Schubart. p. 182. hdl:2027/ia.ark:/13960/t2m66bs0q.
^Stipa, Günter Johannes (1990). Finnisch-ugrische Sprachforschung von der Renaissance bis zum Neupositivismus(PDF). Suomalais-Ugrilaisen Seuran Toimituksia (in German). Vol. 206. Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura. p. 294.
^Bakró-Nagy, Marianne (2012). "The Uralic Languages". Revue belge de Philologie et d'Histoire. 90 (3): 1001–1027. doi:10.3406/rbph.2012.8272.
^Tommola, Hannu (2010). "Finnish among the Finno-Ugrian languages". Mood in the Languages of Europe. John Benjamins Publishing Company. p. 155. ISBN 978-90-272-0587-2.
The Uraliclanguages (/jʊəˈrælɪk/ yoor-AL-ik; by some called Uralian languages /jʊəˈreɪliən/ yoor-AY-lee-ən) form a language family of 42 languages spoken...
the population), in other countries Uraliclanguages are spoken by a minority of the population, these languages are spoken in far-northern Norway (in...
The Finnic or Baltic Finnic languages constitute a branch of the Uraliclanguage family spoken around the Baltic Sea by the Baltic Finnic peoples. There...
The Ugric or Ugrian languages (/ˈjuːɡrɪk, ˈuː-/ or /ˈjuːɡriən, ˈuː-/) are a proposed branch of the Uraliclanguage family. Ugric includes three subgroups:...
languages, also known as the Mordvin, Mordovian or Mordvinian languages (Russian: мордовские языки, mordovskiye yazyki), are a subgroup of the Uralic...
spelled Khanti or Hanti), previously known as Ostyak (/ˈɒstiæk/), is a Uraliclanguage spoken in the Khanty-Mansi and Yamalo-Nenets Okrugs. There were thought...
Fusional languages or inflected languages are a type of synthetic language, distinguished from agglutinative languages by their tendency to use a single...
suggested that they are distantly related to the Uraliclanguages, thus forming the putative Uralic–Yukaghir language family. Michael Fortescue argued that Yukaghir...
Sverdlovsk Oblast. Traditionally considered a single language, they constitute a branch of the Uraliclanguages, often considered most closely related to neighbouring...
The Permic or Permian languages are a branch of the Uraliclanguage family. They are spoken in several regions to the west of the Ural Mountains within...
rivers. The Nenets languages are classified in the Uraliclanguage family, making them distantly related to some national languages spoken in Europe –...
Russian language. In Mordovia, Erzya is co-official with Moksha and Russian. The language belongs to the Mordvinic branch of the Uraliclanguages. Erzya...
that these languages spread from a "refuge" area at the Last Glacial Maximum. Indo-Semitic languages Indo-Uraliclanguages Nostratic languages Proto-Human...
Hungarian (magyar nyelv, pronounced [ˈmɒɟɒr ˈɲɛlv] ) is a Uraliclanguage spoken in Hungary and parts of several neighbouring countries in the Carpathian...
a member of the Finnic group of the Uralic family of languages; as such, it is one of the few European languages that is not Indo-European. The Finnic...
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