The upper mantle of Earth is a very thick layer of rock inside the planet, which begins just beneath the crust (at about 10 km (6.2 mi) under the oceans and about 35 km (22 mi) under the continents) and ends at the top of the lower mantle at 670 km (420 mi). Temperatures range from approximately 500 K (227 °C; 440 °F) at the upper boundary with the crust to approximately 1,200 K (930 °C; 1,700 °F) at the boundary with the lower mantle. Upper mantle material that has come up onto the surface comprises about 55% olivine, 35% pyroxene, and 5 to 10% of calcium oxide and aluminum oxide minerals such as plagioclase, spinel, or garnet, depending upon depth.
The uppermantle of Earth is a very thick layer of rock inside the planet, which begins just beneath the crust (at about 10 km (6.2 mi) under the oceans...
rides atop the asthenosphere, and the two form the components of the uppermantle. The lithosphere is divided into tectonic plates that are continuously...
lithospheric mantle, the topmost portion of the uppermantle that behaves elastically on time scales of up to thousands of years or more. The crust and upper mantle...
magnesiowüstite. This reaction marks the boundary between the uppermantle and lower mantle. This measurement is estimated from seismic data and high-pressure...
Reaching the brittle upper Earth's crust they form diapirs. These diapirs are "hotspots" in the crust. In particular, the concept that mantle plumes are fixed...
5 km/s Average S-wave velocity: 4.5–5.0 km/s Seismic velocity in the uppermantle rises primarily due to increased pressure, similar to the crust but with...
denser than the underlying asthenosphere, the hot, ductile layer in the uppermantle underlying the cold, rigid lithosphere. Once initiated, stable subduction...
the uppermantle. According to one of those models, a large chunk of the subducted plate of a former ocean has survived in the uppermost mantle for several...
The crust overlies the rigid uppermost layer of the mantle. The crust and the rigid uppermantle layer together constitute oceanic lithosphere. Oceanic...
large quantities in the Earth's mantle. Olivine, wadsleyite, and ringwoodite are polymorphs found in the uppermantle of the earth. At depths greater...
(asthenós) 'without strength') is the mechanically weak and ductile region of the uppermantle of Earth. It lies below the lithosphere, at a depth between ~80 and 200 km...
melting of the mantle. The high pressure in the uppermantle (due to the weight of the overlying rock) raises the melting point of mantle rock, so that...
plagioclase, and amphibole. Peridotite is the dominant rock of the upper part of Earth's mantle. The compositions of peridotite nodules found in certain basalts...
within the mantle occur at 410 and 660 km (250 and 410 mi) below the surface, spanning a transition zone that separates the upper and lower mantle. Beneath...
gradients of <10 °C/km (29 °F/mi) as it is subducted to the lower crust to uppermantle depths in a subduction zone. Eclogites are defined as bi-mineralic, broadly...
crust]. The mantle is divided into upper and lower mantle separated by a transition zone. The lowest part of the mantle next to the core-mantle boundary...
otherwise inaccessible mantle. Basalts, kimberlites, lamproites and lamprophyres, which have their source in the uppermantle, often contain fragments...
products of reaction between ascending magmas and peridotite of the uppermantle. The layers typically are a few centimeters to a meter or so in thickness...
ISSN 1945-452X. S2CID 134674805. Hart, P. J. (1969). Earth's Crust and UpperMantle. American Geophysical Union. pp. 13–15. ISBN 978-0-87590-013-1. McCann...
lithosphere, the rigid outer shell of the planet including the crust and uppermantle, is fractured into seven or eight major plates (depending on how they...
structure of the mantle argued that the mantle was split into two reservoirs: the uppermantle and the lower mantle. The uppermantle was thought to be...
experiments have detected anisotropy of seismic wave speed in the oceanic uppermantle. The usual method of measuring the Earth's magnetic field at the sea...
created by partial melting of solid material in the Earth's crust and uppermantle. These areas usually form along tectonic plate boundaries at depths of...
uppermantle. Gem-quality peridot is rare on Earth's surface due to its susceptibility to weathering during its movement from deep within the mantle to...
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