Upper Mercer flint or Upper Mercer chert is a type of flint, or a pure form of chert, found in Coshocton, Hocking, and Perry counties of Ohio. Made of forms of silica and quartz, the hard and brittle stone was used by prehistoric people to make tools and weapons. To create stone tools, flint was heated to make chipping away at the stone easier, and then the flint was chipped to form razor-sharp edges. Resulting tools included spearheads, scrapers, knives, and arrows.[1]
Ohio flint is found between layers of Cambridge Limestone and Brassfield Limestone.[1] It was deposited during the Paleozoic Era in the seas that covered what is now Ohio.[1] Other deposits can be found in soil moved by glaciers,[1] in glacial till or as erratics.
The Welling site, an Upper Mercer flint quarry,[2] is located on the eastern boundary of the town of Nellie in the Walhonding River Valley. It is 14 miles from the terminal moraine in the unglaciated Allegheny Plateau.[2] The hills on either side of the valley are composed of bedrock of the Upper Mercer and Pottsville series.[2]
The use of Upper Mercer flint by prehistoric people was first reported in 1945.[2] The quality of the material used to make tools was important in the ability of prehistory and Native American people to thrive and they would travel hundreds of miles to quarry flint to create or replace tools.[1] Tools made from Upper Mercer flint during the Paleo-Indian period were found in what is now Michigan[3] and West Virginia.[4] Tools made from Upper Mercer flint during the Archaic period has been found over multiple states including eastern Indiana, southern Michigan, southern Ontario, western Pennsylvania, and Ohio. It was used most extensively in north-central Ohio.[5]
Early European settlers used to grind grain and used for flintlock guns, fire starters, and buhrstones. The state's official gemstone, it is used now for jewelry.[1] Other quarries used by prehistoric people to gather flint in the state include Flint Ridge, a six mile deposit of Pennsylvanian-age Vanport flint that spanned western Muskingum and eastern Licking Counties, and Zaleski flint in Vinton and Jackson Counties.[1]
^ abcdefg"Flint - Ohio History Central". Ohio History Central. Retrieved January 29, 2020.
^ abcdBlank, John Edward (Winter 1970). "The Archaic Component of the Welling site, 33 Co-3, Coshocton County, Ohio (download)". Ohio Archaeologist. 20 (4): 269–283.
^"Saginaw Valley Archaeology - The Castle Museum of Saginaw County". The Castle Museum. Retrieved January 29, 2020.
^Mohney, Kenneth W.; Sobota, Renee (2003). "Insights into Panhandle Archaic Technology at the East Steubenville Site (46BR31): A Late Archaic Site in the Northern Panhandle of West Virginia" (PDF). West Virginia Department of Arts, Culture and History. Retrieved January 29, 2020.
^Emerson, Thomas E.; McElrath, Dale L.; Fortier, Andrew C. (2012-02-01). Archaic Societies: Diversity and Complexity across the Midcontinent. SUNY Press. p. 571. ISBN 978-1-4384-2700-3.
and 20 Related for: Upper Mercer flint information
bedrock of the UpperMercer and Pottsville series. The use of UpperMercerflint by prehistoric people was first reported in 1945. The flint was quarried...
Pennsylvania Carboniferous West Virginia Pennsylvanian North America UpperMercerflint Rice, C.L., Hiett, J.K., and Koozmin, E.D., 1994, Glossary of Pennsylvanian...
created tools from flint, particularly Flint Ridge flint from Licking County and UpperMercerflint from Coshocton County. They used flint because it was...
agricultural practices to the tribe, starting a farm at his home on the Flint River. In time, he brought in slaves and workers, cleared several hundred...
of the business to James H. Whiting, of Flint Wagon Works, in Flint, Michigan. Whiting moved Buick to Flint, to a location across the street from his...
site of an Upper Palaeolithic community, with evidence for flintworking and a hearth. Notable finds include an Upper Palaeolithic Acheulian flint handaxe...
For All Seasons: For Whom Was Daniel Important?". In Collins, John J.; Flint, Peter W. (eds.). The Book of Daniel: Composition and Reception. Supplements...
Falls in Ithaca. The Onondaga Escarpment contains significant outcrops of flint (a type of chert) which bears the escarpment's name. This variety of chert...
University of Indianapolis. The college closed in 1957. The college merged with Mercer University in 1987. Chapter formed at Arkansas State Teachers College, now...
automobile components. The factories are occasionally idled for re-tooling. Flint, Michigan auto industry List of former automotive manufacturing facilities...
to 15,000 years ago (see settlement of the Americas). Scraping tools and flint spearpoints from nomadic Paleoindians hunters have been discovered in the...
inside the enclosure; one of these was destroyed in the 19th century by flint diggers. A third barrow lies just outside the causewayed enclosure, to the...
to W of Celina Adams (IN), Mercer (OH) IN, OH 40°34′27″N 84°49′16″W / 40.5743°N 84.8211°W / 40.5743; -84.8211 (Mercer County (Mar. 14, EF1) 22:40–22:55...
parliamentary group on Fiji proposed by Patrick Mercer MP, as part of his paid advocacy for lobbyists. Mercer was recorded describing Vaz as "a crook of the...
Many of the world's most renowned companies, such as IBM (Charles Ranlett Flint), Twitter (Jack Dorsey), Bloomberg L.P. (Charles Zegar), Jacobs Engineering...
University) East Lansing (Michigan State University) Flint (Kettering University, University of Michigan-Flint) Genoa Township (Cleary University main campus)...
whereas the upper layers are loosely packed with angular flints and sand. Remains of a further gravel terrace, containing cherts and flints to a depth...
Mark; Hill, Mark (2011). "Archeology of the Battles of Fort Recovery, Mercer County, Ohio: Education and Protection" (PDF). National Park Service American...