The United Black Youth League (UBYL) was an English militant anti-fascist, anti-imperialist and anti-racist self-defense organisation from Bradford, West Yorkshire, primarily made up of South Asian and West Indian-descended young people.[1][2] It was founded in 1981 as a splinter group of the Asian Youth Movement, later that year twelve of its members, referred to as the Bradford Twelve by media outlets, were "charged following allegations that they had manufactured explosives in anticipation of a large scale attack by fascist groups", being acquitted in June 1982 when the court decided they had acted in self-defence.[3][4] A variety of journalists and scholars described the case as the "trial of the decade".[4][5][6][7]
The activism of the UBYL in addition to multiple adjacent organisations, led local councils throughout Yorkshire to reform aspects of their school systems including the introduction of non-religious assemblies, allowing Muslim girls to wear trousers, increasing the availability of halal food in school canteens and requiring teachers to monitor racial abuse incidents.[3]
^Chisholm, Lynne (1990). Childhood, Youth, and Social Change: A Comparative Perspective. Psychology Press. p. 158.
^ abWarmington, Paul (2014). Black British Intellectuals and Education: Multiculturalism's hidden history. 40: Routledge. ISBN 978-0415809351.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location (link)
^ abSharma, Sanjay; Hutnyk, John; Sharma, Ashwani (1996). Dis-orienting Rhythms: The Politics of the New Asian Dance Music. Zed Books. p. 135.
^Cite error: The named reference Bradford 12: Self-Defence is No Offence was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^"Reflecting on the Trial of the Decade". Race Today. 1983.
^Price, Laura Christine (September 2015). Wool Textile Workers and Trade Union Organisation in the Post-war Wollen District of Yorkshire. University of York.
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