Montage of six tyrannosaurids, clockwise from top left: Tyrannosaurus, Daspletosaurus, Tarbosaurus, Gorgosaurus, Zhuchengtyrannus, and Alioramus
Scientific classification
Domain:
Eukaryota
Kingdom:
Animalia
Phylum:
Chordata
Clade:
Dinosauria
Clade:
Saurischia
Clade:
Theropoda
Superfamily:
†Tyrannosauroidea
Clade:
†Pantyrannosauria
Clade:
†Eutyrannosauria
Family:
†Tyrannosauridae Osborn, 1906
Type genus
†Tyrannosaurus
Osborn, 1905
Subgroups[1]
†Aublysodon
†Deinodon
†Raptorex
†Albertosaurinae
†Tyrannosaurinae
Synonyms
Deinodontidae Cope, 1866
Aublysodontidae Nopcsa, 1928
Shanshanosauridae Dong, 1977
Tyrannosauridae (or tyrannosaurids, meaning "tyrant lizards") is a family of coelurosaurian theropod dinosaurs that comprises two subfamilies containing up to thirteen genera, including the eponymous Tyrannosaurus. The exact number of genera is controversial, with some experts recognizing as few as three. All of these animals lived near the end of the Cretaceous Period and their fossils have been found only in North America and Asia.
Although descended from smaller ancestors, tyrannosaurids were almost always the largest predators in their respective ecosystems, putting them at the apex of the food chain. The largest species was Tyrannosaurus rex, the most massive known terrestrial predator, which measured over 13 metres (43 ft) in length[2] and according to most modern estimates up to 8.87 metric tons (9.78 short tons) in weight.[3][4] Tyrannosaurids were bipedal carnivores with massive skulls filled with large teeth. Despite their large size, their legs were long and proportioned for fast movement. In contrast, their arms were very small, bearing only two functional digits.
Unlike most other groups of dinosaurs, very complete remains have been discovered for most known tyrannosaurids. This has allowed a variety of research into their biology. Scientific studies have focused on their ontogeny, biomechanics and ecology, among other subjects.
^Holtz, Thomas R. Jr. (2012) Dinosaurs: The Most Complete, Up-to-Date Encyclopedia for Dinosaur Lovers of All Ages, Winter 2011 Appendix. Archived 2017-08-12 at the Wayback Machine
^Article about Scotty on Osel.cz (in Czech)
^Persons, S. W.; Currie, P. J.; Erickson, G. M. (2019). "An Older and Exceptionally Large Adult Specimen of Tyrannosaurus rex". The Anatomical Record. 303 (4): 656–672. doi:10.1002/ar.24118. ISSN 1932-8486. PMID 30897281.
^Lyle, A. (March 22, 2019). "Paleontologists identify biggest Tyrannosaurus rex ever discovered". Folio, University of Alberta. Retrieved March 25, 2019.
Tyrannosauridae (or tyrannosaurids, meaning "tyrant lizards") is a family of coelurosaurian theropod dinosaurs that comprises two subfamilies containing...
Appalachiosaurus, Dryptosaurus, and Bistahieversor which led up to the family Tyrannosauridae. The group was named in 2018 by Delcourt and Grillo in their paper...
Cretaceous. Lythronax is thus the oldest known member of the family Tyrannosauridae, and it is thought to have been more basal than Tyrannosaurus. Due...
clade) of coelurosaurian theropod dinosaurs that includes the family Tyrannosauridae as well as more basal relatives. Tyrannosauroids lived on the Laurasian...
is the type genus of the superfamily Tyrannosauroidea, the family Tyrannosauridae, and the subfamily Tyrannosaurinae; in other words it is the standard...
referred to as tyrannosaurines) is one of the two extinct subfamilies of Tyrannosauridae, a family of coelurosaurian theropods that consists of at least three...
smaller than the dentary teeth behind them. Phylogenetic analysis of Tyrannosauridae finds Nanuqsaurus to be a close relative of Daspletosaurus and Tyrannosaurus...
in 2003 found Alioramus could be further classified into the family Tyrannosauridae and the subfamily Tyrannosaurinae, alongside Tyrannosaurus, Tarbosaurus...
The formal description of T. degrootorum erected a new clade within Tyrannosauridae, Daspletosaurini, a sister taxon to a clade comprising Zhuchengtyrannus...
Loewen et al. (2013) conducted a phylogenetic analysis of the family Tyrannosauridae and confirmed the assignment of Teratophoneus to the tyrannosaurid...
Appalachiosaurus to be a member of the Albertosaurinae subfamily of Tyrannosauridae, which only includes Albertosaurus and Gorgosaurus. The original description...
of Tyrannosaurids and Evidence of Gregariousness and Pathology in Tyrannosauridae". PLOS ONE. 9 (7): e103613. Bibcode:2014PLoSO...9j3613M. doi:10.1371/journal...
forces of feeding. Albertosaurus is a member of the theropod family Tyrannosauridae, specifically the subfamily Albertosaurinae. Its closest relative is...
Dinosaur diets and feeding behavior varied widely throughout the clade, including carnivorous, herbivorous, and omnivorous forms. While studying the chewing...
classified as a theropod in the subfamily Tyrannosaurinae of the family Tyrannosauridae. Other members include Tyrannosaurus and the earlier Daspletosaurus...
subfamily, the Dromaeosaurinae, within the "Deinodontidae" (now known as Tyrannosauridae) based on some similarities in the general proportions of the skull...
typically assigned to the Deinodontidae, a group today called the Tyrannosauridae. Aublysodon was by Paul in 1988 thought to belong to a unique subfamily...
Dinosaur vision was, in general, better than the vision of most other reptiles, although vision varied between dinosaur species. Coelurosaurs, for example...
2017. Carr, Thomas D.; Williamson, Thomas E. (2000). "A review of Tyrannosauridae (Dinosauria: Coelurosauria) from New Mexico". Bulletin. 17. New Mexico...
classified in the theropod subfamily Albertosaurinae within the family Tyrannosauridae. It is most closely related to the slightly younger Albertosaurus....
the use of the name Tyrannosauridae for this family, as the name "Deinodontidae" had already been proposed. The name Tyrannosauridae came out victorious...
coelurosaurs) †Proceratosauridae (tyrannosauroids with head crests) †Tyrannosauridae (Tyrannosaurus and close relatives) Maniraptoriformes (bird-like dinosaurs)...
Daspletosaurus belongs in the subfamily Tyrannosaurinae within the family Tyrannosauridae, along with Tarbosaurus, Tyrannosaurus, and Alioramini. Animals in...
Albertosaurus and Gorgosaurus, all being included under the same family of Tyrannosauridae and not all contemporary. The bodies of tyrannosaurs exhibited huge...
Darla K.; Brown, Caleb M. (2020). "A new tyrannosaurine (Theropoda:Tyrannosauridae) from the Campanian Foremost Formation of Alberta, Canada, provides...
Stegoceras novomexicanum; and some unidentified fossils belonging to Tyrannosauridae, ?Ornithomimus, ?Troodontidae, ?Saurornitholestes langstoni, ?Struthiomimus...
niches) †Compsognathidae (early coelurosaurs with reduced forelimbs) †Tyrannosauridae (Tyrannosaurus and close relatives; had reduced forelimbs) †Ornithomimosauria...
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