"Tyrannosaur" redirects here. For the film, see Tyrannosaur (film). For the rifle cartridge, see .577 Tyrannosaur.
Tyrannosauroids
Temporal range: Middle Jurassic–Late Cretaceous, 166–66 Ma
PreꞒ
Ꞓ
O
S
D
C
P
T
J
K
Pg
N
Replica skeletons of Yutyrannus huali
Scientific classification
Domain:
Eukaryota
Kingdom:
Animalia
Phylum:
Chordata
Clade:
Dinosauria
Clade:
Saurischia
Clade:
Theropoda
Clade:
Coelurosauria
Clade:
Tyrannoraptora
Superfamily:
†Tyrannosauroidea Osborn, 1906 (vide Walker, 1964)
Type species
†Tyrannosaurus rex
Osborn, 1905
Subgroups
†Coeluridae?
†Proceratosauridae
†Pantyrannosauria
†Stokesosauridae
†Juratyrant
†Stokesosaurus
†Alectrosaurus
†Aviatyrannis
†Bagaraatan
†Dilong
†Eotyrannus
†Jinbeisaurus
†Moros
†Santanaraptor?
†Suskityrannus
†Timimus?
†Timurlengia
†Xiongguanlong
†Eutyrannosauria
Incertae sedis
†Chingkankousaurus
†Labocania?
†"Teihivenator"?
†Megaraptora?
Tyrannosauroidea (meaning 'tyrant lizard forms') is a superfamily (or clade) of coelurosaurian theropod dinosaurs that includes the family Tyrannosauridae as well as more basal relatives. Tyrannosauroids lived on the Laurasian supercontinent beginning in the Jurassic Period. By the end of the Cretaceous Period, tyrannosauroids were the dominant large predators in the Northern Hemisphere, culminating in the gigantic Tyrannosaurus. Fossils of tyrannosauroids have been recovered on what are now the continents of North America, Europe and Asia, with fragmentary remains possibly attributable to tyrannosaurs also known from South America and Australia.
Tyrannosauroids were bipedal carnivores, as were most theropods, and were characterized by numerous skeletal features, especially of the skull and pelvis. Early in their existence, tyrannosauroids were small predators with long, three-fingered forelimbs. Late Cretaceous genera became much larger, including some of the largest land-based predators ever to exist, but most of these later genera had proportionately small forelimbs with only two digits. Primitive feathers have been identified in fossils of two species and may have been present in other tyrannosauroids as well. Prominent bony crests in a variety of shapes and sizes on the skulls of many tyrannosauroids may have served display functions.
Tyrannosauroidea (meaning 'tyrant lizard forms') is a superfamily (or clade) of coelurosaurian theropod dinosaurs that includes the family Tyrannosauridae...
More specifically, megaraptorans were found to be deep within the Tyrannosauroidea, a radiation of basal coelurosaurs including the famed tyrannosaurids...
"tyrant"), a reference to its classification as a feathered member of the Tyrannosauroidea. The specific name consists of the Mandarin huáli (华丽 simplified, 華麗...
(Alvarezsauridae), herbivorous (Therizinosauridae) and carnivorous (Tyrannosauroidea and Dromaeosauridae). The group includes some of the largest (Tyrannosaurus)...
Paleontologists have long classified Alioramus within the superfamily Tyrannosauroidea, but because its remains were for many years poorly known, a more precise...
of isolated theropod elements from across North America, given that Tyrannosauroidea was not recognized as a distinct group of large theropods at the time...
positions at the base of Coelurosauria) Tyrannoraptora ("tyrant thieves") †Tyrannosauroidea (mostly large, primitive coelurosaurs) †Proceratosauridae (tyrannosauroids...
loss of strength. Tyrannosaurus is the type genus of the superfamily Tyrannosauroidea, the family Tyrannosauridae, and the subfamily Tyrannosaurinae; in...
There have been some discoveries of unusually well-preserved fossil dinosaur specimens which bear remnants of tissues and bodily structures. Organic tissue...
it was considered one of the earliest and most primitive members of Tyrannosauroidea, the group that includes the later, larger tyrannosaurids such as Tyrannosaurus...
Belle Tyrannosaurus rex Big Boy Arizona Museum of Natural History Tyrannosauroidea sp. Black Beauty / Cowley TMP 1981.006.0001 Royal Tyrrell Museum of...
Proceratosauridae, and amongst the earliest known members of the clade Tyrannosauroidea. The type specimen is held in the Natural History Museum in London...
Xiongguanlong in 2009, Li and colleagues published a phylogenetic analysis of tyrannosauroidea. They recovered Xiongguanlong as a member of this group based on the...
new tyrannosauroid from New Mexico and the origin of deep snouts in Tyrannosauroidea". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 30 (1): 1–16. Bibcode:2010JVPal...
smaller theropods. Timeline of tyrannosaur research Mortimer, M (2004). "Tyrannosauroidea". The Theropod Database. Archived from the original on September 29...
megaraptorans were basal coelurosaurs, outside of both Neovenatoridae and Tyrannosauroidea. However, this study did not include Deltadromeus. The cladogram below...
Tyrannoraptora (Tyrannosaurus rex + P. domesticus) Coelurus fragilis Tyrannosauroidea (T. rex > Ornithomimus velox, Deinonychus antirrhopus, A. fragilis)...
and all of its descendants." This group included the Troodontidae, Tyrannosauroidea, and Ornithomimosauria. Holtz (1996, 2000) later refined this definition...
Megaraptora is nested within Coelurosauria, as the sister taxon to Tyrannosauroidea. The cladogram below displays the megaraptoran results of the phylogenetic...
Megaraptora is nested within Coelurosauria, as the sister taxon to Tyrannosauroidea. The cladogram below displays the megaraptoran results of the phylogenetic...
diagnosis of Hutt et al. (2001) are in fact widespread throughout Tyrannosauroidea, for example the presence of 'serrated carinae on D-shaped premaxillary...
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