Kiev Agricultural Institute (1925) Uman Agropolytechnicum [ru] (1921)
Known for
Lysenkoism
Rejecting Mendelian inheritance
Vernalization
Awards
Hero of Socialist Labour
Order of Lenin x8
Medal "For Labour Valour"
Jubilee Medal "In Commemoration of the 100th Anniversary of the Birth of Vladimir Ilyich Lenin"
Medal "For Valiant Labour in the Great Patriotic War 1941–1945"
Medal "In Commemoration of the 800th Anniversary of Moscow"
Stalin Prize x3
Scientific career
Fields
Biology
Agronomy
Institutions
Soviet Academy of Sciences
Notable students
Artavazd Avakyan [ru], Pyotr Kononkov [ru]
Signature
Trofim Denisovich Lysenko (Russian: Трофи́м Дени́сович Лысе́нко, Ukrainian: Трохи́м Дени́сович Лисе́нко, romanized: Trokhim Denisovich Lisenko, Ukrainian pronunciation:[troˈxɪmdeˈnɪsowɪtʃlɪˈsɛnko]; 29 September [O.S. 17 September] 1898 – 20 November 1976) was a Soviet agronomist and pseudoscientist.[1][2] He was a strong proponent of Lamarckism, and rejected Mendelian genetics in favour of his own idiosyncratic, pseudoscientific ideas later termed Lysenkoism.[3][4][5][6]
In 1940, Lysenko became director of the Institute of Genetics of the USSR Academy of Sciences, and he used his political influence and power to suppress dissenting opinions and discredit, marginalize, and imprison his critics, elevating his anti-Mendelian theories to state-sanctioned doctrine.[7][8]
Soviet scientists who refused to renounce genetics were dismissed from their posts and left destitute. Hundreds if not thousands of others were imprisoned. Several were sentenced to death as enemies of the state, including the botanist Nikolai Vavilov.[9] Lysenko's ideas and practices contributed to the famines that killed millions of Soviet people;[9] the adoption of his methods from 1958 in the People's Republic of China had similarly calamitous results, culminating in the Great Chinese Famine of 1959 to 1962.[9]
^An ill-educated agronomist with huge ambitions, Lysenko failed to become a real scientist, but greatly succeeded in exposing of the “bourgeois enemies of the people.” From such a “scion” who was “grafted” to the Stalinist totalitarian regime “stock”, impressive results could have been expected—and were indeed achieved. Reznik, Semyon; Fet, Victor (September 2019). "The destructive role of Trofim Lysenko in Russian Science". European Journal of Human Genetics. 27 (9): 1324–1325. doi:10.1038/s41431-019-0422-5. PMC 6777473. PMID 31089207.
^"Валерий Сойфер". Интернет-журнал "Русский переплет" (in Russian). 15 May 1931. Archived from the original on 30 March 2019. Retrieved 8 May 2024.
^Sterling, Bruce (June 2004). "Suicide by pseudoscience". Wired. Vol. 12, no. 6.
^Gordin, Michael D. (2012). "How Lysenkoism became pseudoscience: Dobzhansky to Velikovsky". Journal of the History of Biology. 45 (3): 443–468. doi:10.1007/s10739-011-9287-3. PMID 21698424. S2CID 7541203.
^Caspari EW, Marshak RE. The Rise and Fall of Lysenko. Science. 1965 Jul 16;149(3681):275-8. doi: 10.1126/science.149.3681.275. PMID: 17838094
^"Yongsheng Liu «Lysenko's Contributions to Biology and His Tragedies», 2004". web.archive.org. 30 April 2011. Archived from the original on 1 February 2009. Retrieved 8 May 2024.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
^"Лысенко Трофим Денисович". Герои страны (in Russian). 24 October 2019. Archived from the original on 23 December 2019. Retrieved 8 May 2024.
^Cite error: The named reference SRSU was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ abcCite error: The named reference atlantic was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
[lɪˈsɛnkiu̯ʃtʃɪnɐ]) was a political campaign led by Soviet biologist TrofimLysenko against genetics and science-based agriculture in the mid-20th century...
Mykola Lysenko (1842–1912), Ukrainian composer, after whom the Lysenko music school and Lysenko State Conservatory are named. TrofimLysenko (1898–1976)...
that sustain the global population. Vavilov's work was criticized by TrofimLysenko, whose anti-Mendelian concepts of plant biology had won favor with Joseph...
geneticists. After TrofimLysenko had taken control over the academy, it became for about thirty years a stronghold of Lysenkoism. The proverbial among...
1940s Stalin put TrofimLysenko in charge of agricultural research, with his crackpot ideas that flouted modern genetics science. Lysenko maintained his...
the Soviet Union of the 1930s when TrofimLysenko promoted the ideologically driven research programme, Lysenkoism; this suited the ideological opposition...
endorsed research of an agrobiologist TrofimLysenko despite the fact that it was rejected by the majority of Lysenko's scientific peers as pseudo-scientific...
identified the centres of origin of cultivated plants. TrofimLysenko was known mainly for Lysenkoism. Many famous Russian scientists and inventors were émigrés...
winter cereals are sensitive to cold. In 1928, the Soviet agronomist TrofimLysenko published his works on the effects of cold on cereal seeds, and coined...
allusion to a Molotov cocktail. Vybegallo is modeled in large part on TrofimLysenko, the charlatan and politico responsible for many setbacks in the science...
series, the triffids were the creation of real-life Soviet biologist TrofimLysenko. The seeds were spread across the globe when a plane smuggling them...
the novel, to brief mention of the theories of the Soviet agronomist TrofimLysenko, a proponent of Lamarckism who eventually was thoroughly debunked. "In...
would be based on the ideas of later-discredited Soviet agronomist TrofimLysenko. One of these ideas was close planting, whereby the density of seedlings...
findings genetics, through the work of TrofimLysenko, who claimed that genetics was anti-communist, known as Lysenkoism leading to many scientists being imprisoned...
research in the post-World War II era. TrofimLysenko however caused a backlash of what is now called Lysenkoism in the Soviet Union when he emphasised...
examples of suppression of ideas. In the most notorious, agronomist TrofimLysenko refused to accept the chromosome theory of heredity usually accepted...
selection among both geneticists of the time and to the Lamarckist views of TrofimLysenko. Hubbs observes that Cott is both an artist and a naturalist as well...
science in general and genetics in particular by the pseudoscientist TrofimLysenko. It was sent to the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the...
of Leningrad Soviet famine of 1930–1933 Soviet famine of 1946–1947 TrofimLysenko Aleksey Shakhmatov Alexander Blok Golubev, Genady; Nikolai Dronin (February...
its conformation with the ideas of TrofimLysenko, who espoused a version of neo-Lamarckism as part of Lysenkoism. Further research of this heritability...
to the study of genetics in the Soviet Union once the doctrines of TrofimLysenko had gained the backing of the State. Demands in Britain, for example...
many of the Russian genetics community did what they could to oppose TrofimLysenko and his Larmarckian evolutionary theory, but Muller was soon forced...
innovations were based on the ideas of now discredited Soviet agronomist TrofimLysenko and his followers. The policies included close cropping, whereby seeds...
systems, and a major contributor to Soviet space and defense technology TrofimLysenko – agronomist and biologist Theodosius Dobzhansky – [geneticist] and...
theory was from Soviet Union scientists Ivan Vladimirovich Michurin and TrofimLysenko which stated that organisms would change over the course of their lives...
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