Posterior part of the brain, adjoining and structurally continuous
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Brainstem
The three distinct parts of the brainstem are colored in this sagittal section of a human brain.
Details
Part of
Brain
Parts
Medulla, pons, midbrain
Identifiers
Latin
truncus encephali
MeSH
D001933
NeuroNames
2052, 236
NeuroLex ID
birnlex_1565
TA98
A14.1.03.009
TA2
5856
FMA
79876
Anatomical terms of neuroanatomy
[edit on Wikidata]
A 3D medical animation still shot showing different parts of the midbrain.
The brainstem (or brain stem) is the stalk-like[1]: 152 part of the brain that interconnects the cerebrum and diencephalon with the spinal cord.[2] In the human brain, the brainstem is composed of the midbrain, the pons, and the medulla oblongata.[3][1]: 152 The midbrain is continuous with the thalamus of the diencephalon through the tentorial notch.[1]: 152
The brainstem is very small, making up around only 2.6 percent of the brain's total weight.[1]: 195 It has the critical roles of regulating heart and respiratory function, helping to control heart rate and breathing rate.[4] It also provides the main motor and sensory nerve supply to the face and neck via the cranial nerves. Ten pairs of cranial nerves come from the brainstem.[5] Other roles include the regulation of the central nervous system and the body's sleep cycle.[4] It is also of prime importance in the conveyance of motor and sensory pathways from the rest of the brain to the body, and from the body back to the brain.[4] These pathways include the corticospinal tract (motor function), the dorsal column-medial lemniscus pathway (fine touch, vibration sensation, and proprioception), and the spinothalamic tract (pain, temperature, itch, and crude touch).[6]
^ abcdHaines, D; Mihailoff, G (2018). Fundamental Neuroscience for Basic and Clinical Applications (5th ed.). ISBN 9780323396325.
^Singh, Vishram (2014). Textbook of Anatomy Head, Neck, and Brain ; Volume III (2nd ed.). p. 363. ISBN 9788131237274.
^Sinnatamby, Chummy S. (2011). Last's Anatomy (12th ed.). p. 474. ISBN 978-0-7295-3752-0.
The brainstem (or brain stem) is the stalk-like: 152 part of the brain that interconnects the cerebrum and diencephalon with the spinal cord. In the...
A brainstem glioma is a cancerous glioma tumor in the brainstem. Around 75% are diagnosed in children and young adults under the age of twenty, but have...
Brainstem death is a clinical syndrome defined by the absence of reflexes with pathways through the brainstem – the "stalk" of the brain, which connects...
A brainstem stroke syndrome falls under the broader category of stroke syndromes, or specific symptoms caused by vascular injury to an area of brain (for...
The pons (pl.: pontes; from Latin pons, "bridge") is part of the brainstem that in humans and other mammals, lies inferior to the midbrain, superior to...
nerves are the nerves that emerge directly from the brain (including the brainstem), of which there are conventionally considered twelve pairs. Cranial nerves...
auditory brainstem response (ABR), also called brainstem evoked response audiometry (BERA) or brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEPs) or brainstem auditory...
Bickerstaff brainstem encephalitis is a rare inflammatory disorder of the central nervous system, first described by Edwin Bickerstaff in 1951. It may...
alpha motoneurons), are large, multipolar lower motor neurons of the brainstem and spinal cord. They innervate extrafusal muscle fibers of skeletal muscle...
prominent oval structures in the medulla oblongata, the lower portion of the brainstem. They contain the olivary nuclei. The olivary body is located on the anterior...
Athabaskan brainstem dysgenesis syndrome (ABDS) or Athabascan brainstem dysgenesis syndrome is an extremely rare genetic condition that affects the central...
ascending bundle of heavily myelinated axons that decussate (cross) in the brainstem, specifically in the medulla oblongata. The medial lemniscus is formed...
up the central nervous system. The brain consists of the cerebrum, the brainstem and the cerebellum. It controls most of the activities of the body, processing...
single, large sensory root (radix sensoria s. portio major) enters the brainstem at the level of the pons. Immediately adjacent to the sensory root, a...
vestibular nerve located in the brainstem. In Terminologia Anatomica, they are grouped in both the pons and the medulla in the brainstem. The fibers of the vestibular...
reflexes, the brain is the major processing unit of the nervous system. The brainstem consists of the medulla, the pons and the midbrain. The medulla can be...
the reticular activating system (RAS), a structure located within the brainstem. The term 'coma', from the Greek κῶμα koma, meaning deep sleep, had already...
The trochlear nerve decussates within the brainstem before emerging on the contralateral side of the brainstem (at the level of the inferior colliculus)...
In human neuroanatomy, brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEPs), also called brainstem auditory evoked responses (BAERs), are very small auditory...
The midbrain or mesencephalon is the rostral-most portion of the brainstem connecting the diencephalon and cerebrum with the pons. It consists of the...
quality two-dimensional or three-dimensional images of the brain and brainstem as well as the cerebellum without the use of ionizing radiation (X-rays)...
brain including the brainstem must be ceased. The brainstem criteria differs from the whole-brain formulation, in that only the brainstem function is ceased...
cranial nerve IX, or simply CN IX, is a cranial nerve that exits the brainstem from the sides of the upper medulla, just anterior (closer to the nose)...
disequilibrium or ataxia depending on the amount of extension on the brainstem. With brainstem extension, midfacial and corneal hypesthesia, hydrocephalus, and...
reticular formation is a set of interconnected nuclei that are located in the brainstem, hypothalamus, and other regions. It is not anatomically well defined...
the midbrain and upper pons of the brainstem. They are caused by a traumatic downward displacement of the brainstem. They are named after Henri Duret....
may reflect an underlying tumor in the brainstem (typically a brainstem glioma), loss of myelin in the brainstem (associated with multiple sclerosis) or...
made up of nervous tissue that extends from the medulla oblongata in the brainstem to the lumbar region of the vertebral column (backbone) of vertebrate...
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