Consonants with a stop beginning and trill release
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In articulatory phonetics, trilled affricates, also known as post-trilled consonants, are consonants which begin as a stop and have a trill release. These consonants are reported to exist in some Northern Paman languages in Australia,[1] as well as in some Chapacuran languages such Wariʼ language and Austronesian languages such as Fijian and Malagasy.
Sound (voiceless)
IPA
Languages
Sound (voiced)
IPA
Languages
Voiceless trilled bilabial affricate
[pʙ̥]
Not attested in any natural language.
Voiced trilled bilabial affricate
[bʙ]
Kele and Avava. Only reported in an allophone of [mb] before [o] or [u], Namuyi
Voiceless trilled alveolar affricate
[tr̥]
Ngkoth
Voiced trilled alveolar affricate
[dr]
Nias, Fijian and Avava also have this sound after [n].
Voiceless epiglottal affricate
[ʡʜ]
Not attested in any natural language.
Voiced epiglottal affricate
[ʡʢ]
Hydaburg Haida. Cognate to Southern Haida [ɢ], Masset Haida [ʕ].[2]
In Fijian, trilling is rare in these sounds, and they are frequently distinguished by being postalveolar.[3] In Malagasy, they may have a rhotic release, [ʈɽ̝̊ɳʈɽ̝̊ɖɽ̝ɳɖɽ̝], be simple stops, [ʈɳʈɖɳɖ], or standard affricates, [ʈʂɳʈʂɖʐɳɖʐ].
Most post-trilled consonants are affricates: the stop and trill share the same place of articulation. However, there is a rare exception in a few neighboring Amazonian languages, where a voiceless bilabially post-trilled dental stop, [t̪͡ʙ̥] (occasionally written [tᵖ]) is reported from Pirahã and from a few words in the Chapacuran languages Wariʼ and Oro Win. In the Chapacuran languages, [tʙ̥] is reported almost exclusively before rounded vowels such as [o] and [y].
Hydaburg Haida [ʡʢ] is cognate to Southern Haida [ɢ], Masset Haida [ʕ].[4]
^Hale, Kenneth (1976). "Phonological Developments in Particular Northern Paman Languages." In: Languages of Cape York, ed. Peter Sutton. Canberra: Australian Institute of Aboriginal Studies.
^"Bessell 1993" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2015-06-05.
^Ladefoged, Peter; Maddieson, Ian (1996). The Sounds of the World's Languages. Oxford: Blackwell. ISBN 0-631-19815-6. p. 131
^"Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2015-08-06.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
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