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Trichoplax
Light microscope image of Trichoplax (specimen ca. 0.5 mm across)
Scientific classification
Domain:
Eukaryota
Kingdom:
Animalia
Phylum:
Placozoa
Class:
Uniplacotomia
Order:
Trichoplacea Tessler et al., 2022
Family:
Trichoplacidae Bütschli & Hatschek, 1905
Genus:
Trichoplax Schulze, 1883 [1]
Species:
T. adhaerens
Binomial name
Trichoplax adhaerens
Schulze, 1883
Synonyms
Trichoplax reptans
Trichoplax adhaerens is one of the four named species in the phylum Placozoa. The others are Hoilungia hongkongensis, Polyplacotoma mediterranea and Cladtertia collaboinventa. Placozoa is a basal group of multicellular animals, possible relatives of Cnidaria.[2]Trichoplax are very flat organisms commonly less than 4 mm in diameter,[3] lacking any organs or internal structures. They have two cellular layers: the top epitheloid layer is made of ciliated "cover cells" flattened toward the outside of the organism, and the bottom layer is made up of cylinder cells that possess cilia used in locomotion, and gland cells that lack cilia.[4] Between these layers is the fibre syncytium, a liquid-filled cavity strutted open by star-like fibres.
Trichoplax feed by absorbing food particles—mainly microbes—with their underside. They generally reproduce asexually, by dividing or budding, but can also reproduce sexually. Though Trichoplax has a small genome in comparison to other animals, nearly 87% of its 11,514 predicted protein-coding genes are identifiably similar to known genes in other animals.
^M. Eitel (2011). Schierwater B, Eitel M, DeSalle R (eds.). "Trichoplax Schulze, 1883". World Placozoa Database. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved November 25, 2011.
^Laumer, Christopher E.; Gruber-Vodicka, Harald; Hadfield, Michael G.; Pearse, Vicki B.; Riesgo, Ana; Marioni, John C.; Giribet, Gonzalo (2018). "Support for a clade of Placozoa and Cnidaria in genes with minimal compositional bias". eLife. 7. doi:10.7554/eLife.36278. PMC 6277202. PMID 30373720.
^Studying Placozoa WBR in the Simplest Metazoan Animal, Trichoplax adhaerens
^"Introduction to Placozoa". Retrieved 2015-10-04.
Trichoplax adhaerens is one of the four named species in the phylum Placozoa. The others are Hoilungia hongkongensis, Polyplacotoma mediterranea and Cladtertia...
constituting a primitive metazoan phylum. The first known placozoan, Trichoplax adhaerens, was discovered in 1883 by the German zoologist Franz Eilhard...
Sagasser, Sven; Kuhn, Kerstin (April 2004). "The Trox-2 Hox/ParaHox gene of Trichoplax (Placozoa) marks an epithelial boundary". Development Genes and Evolution...
Parazoa the poriferous or sponge phyla and Placozoa—comprising only the Trichoplax adhaerens species – on the basis of shared primitive characteristics:...
its environment and behave accordingly. Not all animals have neurons; Trichoplax and sponges lack nerve cells altogether. Neurons may be packed to form...
Applications. 6th ed. United States:Thomson, 2006. ISBN 0-534-46224-3. TRICHOPLAX ADHAERENS (PLACOZOA TYPE) St. Petersburg. 2005 Metazoa: the Animals Nielsen...
Their morphology is consistent across the class, resembling the typical Trichoplax as mostly rounded, flat organisms rather than the polytomous, branching...
Eumetazoa. (The latter refers to all the animals except the sponges, Trichoplax, and the still poorly understood Mesozoa). Neither grouping is accepted...
Hoilungia hongkongensis, with whom it forms the order Hoilungea. After Trichoplax, Hoilungia and Polyplacotomia, it is the fourth described placozoan genus...
sponges (the most primitive of modern animal groups, with the exception of Trichoplax); apparently, the Huainan biota cannot be considered ancestral either...
magnifica, the toxic finger-sponge, is one of many toxic species of sponges Trichoplax use large specialized cells to release antipredatory toxins Poisonous...
other species. The animal superficially resembles another placozoan, Trichoplax adhaerens, but genetically distinct from it as mitochondrial DNA analysis...
1994) was a German zoologist and protistologist, known for his work on Trichoplax. Karl Grell received his doctorate (Promotion) in 1934 from the University...
extremely ancient and highly diverse chemical messengers. Placozoans such as Trichoplax, extremely basal animals which do not possess neurons, use peptides for...
so far only three described species, of which the first, the classical Trichoplax adhaerens, was discovered in 1883. Two more species have been discovered...
and bilaterians. These are placozoans (e.g. Polyplacotoma mediterranea, Trichoplax adhaerens, Hoilungia hongkongensis, and Cladtertia collaboinventa) are...
CaV2 presynaptic Ca2+ channel homologue from the early-diverging animal Trichoplax adhaerens". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 295 (52): 18553–18578...
Retrieved 2013-03-14. Syed, Tareq; Schierwater, Bernd (December 2002). "Trichoplax adhaerens: discovered as a missing link, forgotten as a hydrozoan, re-discovered...
expression in all non-ctenophore animals investigated thus far except for Trichoplax adhaerens, the first known member of the phylum Placozoa. Across all species...
expression in all non-ctenophore animals investigated thus far except for Trichoplax adhaerens, one of three known members of the phylum Placozoa. In Mnemiopsis...
humans and apes. This gene has homologs in eukaryotes as far back as Trichoplax. LOC51030 is highly conserved in chordates and also shows conservation...
capabilities and structures for several months after entering the slug's cells. Trichoplax have two bacterial endosymbionts. Ruthmannia lives inside the animal's...
queenslandica, two from the comb jelly Mnemiopsis leidyi four from the placozoan Trichoplax adhaerens and 17 from the cnidarian Nematostella vectensis. There are...
decisions without overarching guidance. Studies have shown that individual Trichoplax adhaerens behave like self-propelled particles (SPPs) and collectively...
ISSN 2050-084X. PMC 6277202. PMID 30373720. Schuchert, Peter (1993-03-01). "Trichoplax adhaerens (Phylum Placozoa) has Cells that React with Antibodies Against...
kept darkling beetle used especially in behavioural ecology experiments Trichoplax adhaerens, simple free-living animal from the phylum Placozoa used as...
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