1818 treaty which established the 49th parallel as the western US-Canada border
Treaty of 1818
Convention respecting fisheries, boundary, and the restoration of slaves
United States territorial border changes
Type
Bilateral treaty
Context
Territorial cession
Signed
October 20, 1818
Location
London, United Kingdom
Effective
January 30, 1819
Signatories
United Kingdom
United States
Depositary
Government of the United Kingdom
Languages
English
Full text
Treaty of 1818 at Wikisource
The Convention respecting fisheries, boundary and the restoration of slaves, also known as the London Convention, Anglo-American Convention of 1818, Convention of 1818, or simply the Treaty of 1818, is an international treaty signed in 1818 between the United States and the United Kingdom. This treaty resolved standing boundary issues between the two nations. The treaty allowed for joint occupation and settlement of the Oregon Country, known to the British and in Canadian history as the Columbia District of the Hudson's Bay Company, and including the southern portion of its sister district New Caledonia.
The two nations agreed to a boundary line involving the 49th parallel north, in part because a straight-line boundary would be easier to survey than the pre-existing boundaries based on watersheds. The treaty marked both the United Kingdom's last permanent major loss of territory in what is now the Continental United States and the United States' first permanent significant cession of North American territory to a foreign power, the second being the Webster–Ashburton Treaty of 1842. The British ceded all of Rupert's Land south of the 49th parallel and east of the Continental Divide, including all of the Red River Colony south of that latitude, while the United States ceded the northernmost edge of the Missouri Territory north of the 49th parallel.
restoration of slaves, also known as the London Convention, Anglo-American Convention of1818, Convention of1818, or simply the Treatyof1818, is an international...
since the Treatyof1818. The Treatyof1818 set the boundary between the United States and British North America along the 49th parallel of north latitude...
signing. In 1818, leaders of the Chickasaw signed several treaties, including the Treatyof Tuscaloosa, which ceded all claims to land north of the southern...
Anglo-Dutch Treatyof 1814, which returned some colonies to the Netherlands Treatyof1818 or London Convention of1818, between the United States of America...
borders of the purchase were adjusted by the Treatyof1818 with the British. Throughout the second half of the 18th century, the French colony of Louisiana...
boundaries of the area, which had been created by the Treatyof1818 without recognizing indigenous claims to the area, consisted of the land north of 42° N...
The Treatyof Ghent (8 Stat. 218) was the peace treaty that ended the War of 1812 between the United States and the United Kingdom. It took effect in February...
to divide the region in a satisfactory manner for both nations. The Treatyof1818 was renewed on 7 August 1827, with a clause added by Gallatin that a...
related to 1818. 1818 (MDCCCXVIII) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Tuesday of the Julian...
countries after the War of 1812. The Rush–Bagot Treaty demilitarized the U.S. border with British North America, while the Treatyof1818 settled some boundary...
Americans had agreed upon for the Oregon Territory in the Treatyof1818. (Russia gained sole control of this land two years later.) The inhabitants along the...
claimants were addressed in the Treatyof1818, which sanctioned a "joint occupation", by British and Americans, of a vast "Oregon Country" (as the American...
excluded) 1817 – Rush–Bagot Treaty – The United States and Great Britain agree to demilitarize the Great Lakes. 1818 – Treatyof1818 – resolved boundary issues...
Canadian) border by the Treatyof1818; and the territory of the Commonwealth of the Philippines, which became independent after the Treatyof Manila. The former...
"The Treatyof1818". Wordpress. Retrieved October 26, 2015. Schwert, Donald. "Why is the Red River of the North so vulnerable to flooding". Geology of the...
Strait of Georgia to the Lake of the Woods. This international border was specified in the Anglo-American Convention of1818 and the Oregon Treatyof 1846...
The Continental Divide of the Americas (also known as the Great Divide, the Western Divide or simply the Continental Divide; Spanish: Divisoria continental...
primarily English-speaking Upper Canada in 1791. After the War of 1812, the Treatyof1818 established the 49th parallel as the United States–British North...
Kingdom of Marwar, also known as the Jodhpur State under the British, was a kingdom in the Marwar region from 1243 to 1818 and a princely state under British...