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British North America information


For the British Empire's colonial territories in the Americas before 1783, see British America.

British North America
1783–1907
Flag of British North America
Flag of the United Kingdom (1801 onward)
Anthem: God Save The King/Queen
Status
  • Colonies of Great Britain (1783–1800)
  • Colonies of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland (1801–1907)
CapitalAdministered from London, England
Common languagesEnglish, French, Scottish Gaelic
Religion
  • Christianity
    • Protestantism
    • Catholic Church
  • Judaism[1][2]
Monarch 
• 1783–1820
George III
• 1820–1830
George IV
• 1830–1837
William IV
• 1837–1901
Victoria
• 1901–1907
Edward VII
History 
• Treaty of Paris
1783
• Jay Treaty
1794
• Treaty of 1818
1818
• British North America Act, 1867
1867
• Rupert's Land Act
1868
• British North America Act, 1871
1871
• British Columbia Terms of Union[3]
1871
• Prince Edward Island Terms of Union[3]
1873
• Adjacent Territories Order
1880
• 1907 Imperial Conference
1907
CurrencyPound sterling
Made Beaver
Canadian pound
Newfoundland dollar
Nova Scotian dollar
New Brunswick dollar
Prince Edward Island dollar
British Columbia dollar
Canadian dollar
Preceded by		 Succeeded by
British North America British America
Canada British North America
Dominion of Newfoundland British North America
Bermudaa British North America
Today part ofBermuda
Canada
United States
  1. Colony thenceforth grouped for convenience with British West Indies

British North America comprised the colonial territories of the British Empire in North America from 1783 onwards. English colonisation of North America began in the 16th century in Newfoundland, then further south at Roanoke and Jamestown, Virginia, and more substantially with the founding of the Thirteen Colonies along the Atlantic coast of North America.

The British Empire's colonial territories in North America were greatly expanded in connection with the Treaty of Paris (1763), which formally concluded the Seven Years' War, referred to by the English colonies in North America as the French and Indian War, and by the French colonies as la Guerre de la Conquête. With the ultimate acquisition of most of New France (Nouvelle-France), British territory in North America was more than doubled in size, and the exclusion of France also dramatically altered the political landscape of the continent.

The term British America was used to refer to the British Empire's colonial territories in North America prior to the United States Declaration of Independence, most famously in the 1774 address of Thomas Jefferson to the First Continental Congress entitled: A Summary View of the Rights of British America.[4]

The term British North America was initially used following the subsequent 1783 Treaty of Paris, which concluded the American Revolutionary War and confirmed the independence of Great Britain's Thirteen Colonies that formed the United States of America. The terms British America and British North America continued to be used for Britain's remaining territories in North America, but the term British North America came to be used more consistently in connection with the provinces that would eventually form the Dominion of Canada, following the Report on the Affairs of British North America (1839), called the Durham Report.[5]

The Dominion of Canada was formed under the British North America (BNA) Act, 1867, also referred to as the Constitution Act, 1867. Following royal assent of the BNA Act, three of the provinces of British North America (New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, and the Province of Canada (which would become the Canadian provinces of Ontario and Quebec)) joined to form "One Dominion under the Crown of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, with a Constitution similar in Principle to that of the United Kingdom," on July 1, 1867, the date of Canadian Confederation.[6]

The Atlantic island of Bermuda (originally administered by the Virginia Company and, with The Bahamas, considered with North America prior to 1783), was grouped with the Maritime provinces from 1783, but after the formation of the Dominion of Canada in 1867 and the achievement of dominion status by the colony of Newfoundland in 1907, Bermuda was thereafter administered generally with the colonies in the British West Indies (although the Church of England continued to place Bermuda under the Bishop of Newfoundland until 1919).

Over its duration, British North America comprised the British Empire's colonial territories in North America from 1783 to 1907, not including the Caribbean. These territories include those forming modern-day Canada and Bermuda, having also ceded what became all or large parts of six Midwestern U.S. states (Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, Wisconsin, and the northeastern part of Minnesota), which were formed out of the Northwest Territory, large parts of Maine, which had originally been within the French territory of Acadia, and very briefly, East Florida, West Florida, and the Bahamas.

  1. ^ "Religion in Canada: A historical survey, 1500 to present". Encyclopedia.com. Retrieved 26 April 2022.
  2. ^ Zinga, Dawn (19 August 2008). "Ontario's Challenge: Denominational Rights in Public Education". Canadian Journal of Educational Administration & Policy (80): 19.
  3. ^ a b Maton, 1995, article
  4. ^ "Thomas Jefferson, 1774. "A Summary View of the Rights of British America"". press-pubs.uchicago.edu.
  5. ^ Lord Durham, 1839. "Report on the Affairs of British North America from the Earl of Durham, Her Majesty's High Commissioner"
  6. ^ "Constitution Act, 1867". Justice Laws Website. Department of Justice Canada. 12 March 2019. Retrieved 22 July 2021.

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