Treaty Five is a treaty between Queen Victoria and Saulteaux and Swampy Cree non-treaty band governments and peoples around Lake Winnipeg in the District of Keewatin.[1][2] Much of what is today central and northern Manitoba was covered by the treaty, as were a few small adjoining portions of the present-day provinces of Saskatchewan and Ontario.
The fifth of several treaties, Treaty 5 was completed in two rounds. The first was from September 1875 to September 1876. The Crown intended in 1875 to include only "the Indians [east and west] of Lake Winnipeg for the surrender of the Territory uncovered by previous treaties" including "the proposed migration[3] of the Norway House band".[4] Pimicikamak territory was north of the lake. It was included by accident or design of Tepastenam attending the Norway House signing.[5] Additional peoples and groups signed on between 1908 and 1910.
^Tough, Frank (1997). As Their Natural Resources Fail: Native Peoples and the Economic History of Northern Manitoba, 1870-1930. UBC Press. p. 148. ISBN 978-0-7748-0571-1.
^A written text is included in Alexander Morris (1880). The Treaties of Canada with the Indians. Toronto: Belfords , Clarke & Co.; see also "Treaty Texts - Treaty No. 5". Crown-Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada. 30 August 2013.
^Manitoba Free Press, Winnipeg, Letter to the Editor, Thursday, March 27, 1875, p.5.
^Kenneth S. Coates & William R. Morrison, Treaty Research Report: Treaty 5 (1875), Treaties and Historical Research Centre, Indian and Northern Affairs Canada (1986), pp. 10-13.
^The Privy Council adopted a recommendation from the Department of the Interior that excluded Pimicikamak from the Commissioners' authority to treat; LAC, Privy Council Office: Treaty with Indians on either side of Lake Winnipeg - Interior 2 July - Expediency of negotiating; Order-in-Council Number 1875-0707, Date Approved: 1875/07/09, ref. RG2, Privy Council Office, Ser. A-1-a.
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