"Treaty of Maastricht" redirects here. For the 1843 treaty between Belgium and the Netherlands, see Treaty of Maastricht (1843).
Treaty on European Union
The Treaty of Maastricht, here shown at an exhibition in Regensburg. The book is opened at a page containing the signatures and seals of the ministers representing the heads of state of Belgium, Denmark, Germany and Greece
Type
Founding treaty
Signed
7 February 1992 (1992-02-07)[1]
Location
Maastricht
Effective
1 November 1993
Amendment
Edinburgh Agreement (1992)
Treaty of Amsterdam (1999)
Treaty of Nice (2003)
Treaty of Lisbon (2009)
Signatories
EU member states
Full text
Consolidated version of the Treaty on European Union at Wikisource
The Treaty on European Union, commonly known as the Maastricht Treaty, is the foundation treaty of the European Union (EU). Concluded in 1992 between the then-twelve member states of the European Communities, it announced "a new stage in the process of European integration"[2] chiefly in provisions for a shared European citizenship, for the eventual introduction of a single currency, and (with less precision) for common foreign and security policies, and a number of changes to the European institutions and their decision taking procedures, not least a strengthening of the powers of the European Parliament and more majority voting on the Council of Ministers. Although these were seen by many to presage a "federal Europe", key areas remained inter-governmental with national governments collectively taking key decisions. This constitutional debate continued through the negotiation of subsequent treaties (see below), culminating in the 2007 Treaty of Lisbon.
In the wake of the Eurozone debt crisis unfolding from 2009, the most enduring reference to the Maastricht Treaty has been to the rules of compliance – the "Maastricht criteria" – for the currency union.
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Against the background of the end of the Cold War and the re-unification of Germany, and in anticipation of accelerated globalisation, the treaty negotiated tensions between member states seeking deeper integration and those wishing to retain greater national control. The resulting compromise faced what was to be the first in a series of EU treaty ratification crises.
^"Founding agreements". European Union. Retrieved 5 February 2022.
^Council of European Communities, Commission of the European Communities (1992). Treaty on European Union. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities. p. 2. ISBN 92-824-0959-7.
The Treaty on European Union, commonly known as the MaastrichtTreaty, is the foundation treaty of the European Union (EU). Concluded in 1992 between...
the issue of the implementation of the MaastrichtTreaty (Treaty on European Union) in British law. The Maastricht Rebellion was a major event of John Major's...
regional hub. It became well known through the MaastrichtTreaty and as the birthplace of the euro. Maastricht has 1,677 national heritage buildings (rijksmonumenten)...
superpower. The EU was established, along with its citizenship, when the MaastrichtTreaty came into force in 1993, and was incorporated as an international...
core functional treaties, the Treaty on European Union (originally signed in Maastricht in 1992, The MaastrichtTreaty) and the Treaty on the Functioning...
of the Lisbon Treaty, which entered into force on 1 December 2009, the MaastrichtTreaty is now known, in updated form as, the Treaty on European Union...
(or the Treaty on European Union) and the Treaty of Rome (or the Treaty establishing the European Community which, before the MaastrichtTreaty, was the...
which encompasses 15 countries. Upon the entry into force of the MaastrichtTreaty in 1993, the EEC was renamed the European Community to reflect that...
Commission. The treaty has been amended on several occasions since 1957. The MaastrichtTreaty of 1992 removed the word "economic" from the Treaty of Rome's...
1999; it made substantial changes to the Treaty of Maastricht, which had been signed in 1992. Under the Treaty of Amsterdam, member states agreed to transfer...
A second referendum on the MaastrichtTreaty was held in Denmark on 18 May 1993. After rejecting the treaty in a referendum the previous year, this time...
course. The MaastrichtTreaty was amended by the 2001 Treaty of Nice, which closed the gaps and loopholes in the Maastricht and Rome Treaties. The 20 participating...
A referendum on the MaastrichtTreaty for the founding of the European Union was held in France on 20 September 1992. It was approved by 51% of the voters...
The Treaty of Lisbon, which was signed by all EU member states on 13 December 2007, entered into force on 1 December 2009. It amends the Maastricht Treaty...
Union (EU). It was formally created with the adoption of the 1992 MaastrichtTreaty, at the same time as the creation of the EU. EU citizenship is additional...
were held before the treaty of Maastricht passed. The first one rejected the treaty. Denmark — The 1993 Danish MaastrichtTreaty referendum, 18 May 1993...
A referendum on the MaastrichtTreaty for the founding of the European Union was held in Denmark on 2 June 1992. The treaty was rejected by 50.7% of voters...
1992 MaastrichtTreaty, the SEA signatories declared themselves "moved by the will to continue the work undertaken on the basis of the Treaties establishing...
Government that rejected calls for a referendum on the MaastrichtTreaty in 1993. This treaty conferred many new competences on the Union, something that...
last of which was renamed the European Community (EC) in 1993 by the MaastrichtTreaty establishing the European Union. The European Union was established...
European Economic and monetary union (EMU); this would lead to the MaastrichtTreaty. It had been Thatcher's opposition to EMU which triggered the end...
having negotiated the right to opt out from participation under the MaastrichtTreaty of 1992. In 2000, the government held a referendum on introducing...
euro (launched 1999). The ECSC expired in 2002. The MaastrichtTreaty has been amended by the treaties of Amsterdam (1997), Nice (2001) and Lisbon (2007)...
the Single European Act. 1991, Maastricht: Agreement on the MaastrichtTreaty. 1992, Edinburgh: Agreement (by treaty provision) to retain at Strasbourg...
subsequently switched his support to John Major. After Major came back from Maastricht with an opt-out from the Social Chapter and the single currency, Tebbit...