Transcranial magnetic stimulation (schematic diagram)
Specialty
Psychiatry, neurology
MeSH
D050781
[edit on Wikidata]
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a noninvasive form of brain stimulation in which a changing magnetic field is used to induce an electric current at a specific area of the brain through electromagnetic induction. An electric pulse generator, or stimulator, is connected to a magnetic coil connected to the scalp. The stimulator generates a changing electric current within the coil which creates a varying magnetic field, inducing a current within a region in the brain itself.[1]: 3 [2]
TMS has shown diagnostic and therapeutic potential in the central nervous system with a wide variety of disease states in neurology and mental health, with research still evolving.[3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11]
Adverse effects of TMS appear rare and include fainting and seizure.[12] Other potential issues include discomfort, pain, hypomania, cognitive change, hearing loss, and inadvertent current induction in implanted devices such as pacemakers or defibrillators.[12]
^NICE. January 2014 Transcranial magnetic stimulation for treating and preventing migraine
^Michael Craig Miller for Harvard Health Publications. July 26, 2012 Magnetic stimulation: a new approach to treating depression?
^Groppa S, Oliviero A, Eisen A, Quartarone A, Cohen LG, Mall V, et al. (May 2012). "A practical guide to diagnostic transcranial magnetic stimulation: report of an IFCN committee". Clinical Neurophysiology. 123 (5): 858–882. doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2012.01.010. PMC 4890546. PMID 22349304.
^Lefaucheur JP, André-Obadia N, Antal A, Ayache SS, Baeken C, Benninger DH, et al. (November 2014). "Evidence-based guidelines on the therapeutic use of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS)" (PDF). Clinical Neurophysiology. 125 (11): 2150–2206. doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2014.05.021. PMID 25034472. S2CID 206798663.
^George, Mark S.; Post, Robert M. (April 2011). "Daily Left Prefrontal Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Acute Treatment of Medication-Resistant Depression". American Journal of Psychiatry. 168 (4): 356–364. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2010.10060864. PMID 21474597.
^Gaynes, Bradley N.; Lux, Linda J.; Lloyd, Stacey W.; Hansen, Richard A.; Gartlehner, Gerald; Keener, Patricia; Brode, Shannon; Evans, Tammeka Swinson; Jonas, Dan; Crotty, Karen; Viswanathan, Meera; Lohr, Kathleen N. (2011). Nonpharmacologic Interventions for Treatment-Resistant Depression in Adults. AHRQ Comparative Effectiveness Reviews. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. PMID 22091472.
^Berlim, Marcelo T; Van den Eynde, Frederique; Jeff Daskalakis, Z (19 November 2012). "Clinically Meaningful Efficacy and Acceptability of Low-Frequency Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) for Treating Primary Major Depression: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized, Double-Blind and Sham-Controlled Trials". Neuropsychopharmacology. 38 (4): 543–551. doi:10.1038/npp.2012.237. PMC 3572468. PMID 23249815.
^Perera, Tarique; George, Mark; Grammer, Geoffrey; Janicak, Philip; Pascual-Leone, Alvaro; Wirecki, Theodore (April 27, 2015). TMS Therapy For Major Depressive Disorder: Evidence Review and Treatment Recommendations for Clinical Practice (PDF) (Report).
^Bersani, F.S.; Minichino, A.; Enticott, P.G.; Mazzarini, L.; Khan, N.; Antonacci, G.; Raccah, R.N.; Salviati, M.; Delle Chiaie, R.; Bersani, G.; Fitzgerald, P.B.; Biondi, M. (January 2013). "Deep transcranial magnetic stimulation as a treatment for psychiatric disorders: A comprehensive review". European Psychiatry. 28 (1): 30–39. doi:10.1016/j.eurpsy.2012.02.006. PMID 22559998. S2CID 29053871.
^Dougall N, Maayan N, Soares-Weiser K, McDermott LM, McIntosh A (August 2015). "Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) for schizophrenia" (PDF). The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2015 (8): CD006081. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD006081.pub2. hdl:1893/22520. PMC 9395125. PMID 26289586.
^"Pupil response may shed light on who responds best to transcranial magnetic stimulation for depression". www.uclahealth.org. Retrieved 2024-01-06.
^ abRossi; et al. (January 2021). "Safety and recommendations for TMS use in healthy subjects and patient populations, with updates on training, ethical and regulatory issues: Expert Guidelines". Clinical Neurophysiology. 132 (1): 269–306. doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2020.10.003. PMC 9094636. PMID 33243615. S2CID 225049093.
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