Sleep disorder characterised by excessive sleep and daytime sleepiness without a known cause
Medical condition
Idiopathic Hypersomnia
Specialty
Sleep medicine, Neurology, Psychiatry
Idiopathic hypersomnia(IH) is a neurological disorder which is characterized primarily by excessive sleep and excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS).[1] Idiopathic hypersomnia was first described by Bedrich Roth in 1976, and it can be divided into two forms: polysymptomatic and monosymptomatic.[2][3] The condition typically becomes evident in early adulthood and most patients diagnosed with IH will have had the disorder for many years prior to their diagnosis.[4] As of August 2021[update], an FDA-approved medication exists for IH called Xywav, which is oral solution of calcium, magnesium, potassium, and sodium oxybates;[5] in addition to several off-label treatments (primarily FDA-approved narcolepsy medications).[6]
Idiopathic hypersomnia may also be referred to as IH, IHS, or primary hypersomnia[7] and belongs to a group of sleeping disorders known as central hypersomnias, central disorders of hypersomnolence, or hypersomnia of brain origin.[8]Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) defines idiopathic hypersomnia as EDS without narcolepsy or the associated features of other sleep disorders.[9] It occurs in the absence of medical problems or sleep disruptions, such as sleep apnea, that can cause secondary hypersomnia.
^Narcolepsy and hypersomnia: review and classification of 642 personally observed cases. Roth B. Schweiz Arch Neurol Neurochir Psychiatr. 1976;119(1):31-4
^Billiard M, Sonka K (2022). "Idiopathic Hypersomnia: Historical Account, Critical Review of Current Tests and Criteria, Diagnostic Evaluation in the Absence of Biological Markers and Robust Electrophysiological Diagnostic Criteria". Nature and Science of Sleep. 14: 311–322. doi:10.2147/NSS.S266090. PMC 9017389. PMID 35450222.
^Billiard M, Rondouin G, Espa F, Dauvilliers Y, Besset A (November 2001). "[Physiopathology of idiopathic hypersomnia. Current studies and new orientations]". Revue Neurologique. 157 (11 Pt 2): S101–106. ISSN 0035-3787. PMID 11924018.
^"International classification of sleep disorders, revised: Diagnostic and coding manual" (PDF). American Academy of Sleep Medicine. 2001. Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 July 2011. Retrieved 25 January 2013.
^Cite error: The named reference fdaref was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Cite error: The named reference ref-5 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^"Idiopathic Hypersomnia (GARD)". Archived from the original on 8 December 2021. Retrieved 2021-08-12.
^Trotti L, Arnulf I (2021). "Idiopathic Hypersomnia and Other Hypersomnia Syndromes". Neurotherapeutics. 18 (1): 20–31. doi:10.1007/s13311-020-00919-1. PMC 8116415. PMID 32901432.
^Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders : DSM-IV-. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association. 2000. ISBN 0-89042-025-4.
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Clarithromycin has been researched as a potential treatment for idiopathichypersomnia (IH) in adults, but the evidence is limited. A 2021 Cochrane study...
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