dog roundworm (Toxocara canis), cat roundworm (Toxocara cati
Diagnostic method
serologic testing (serum total IgE, ELISA to detect specific anti-Toxocara IgE)
Differential diagnosis
Baylisascaris procyonis, filariasis
Prevention
control of parasites in domestic dogs and cats, proper disposal of pet feces, hand hygiene
Treatment
anthelmintic medications
Medication
albendazole, diethylcarbamazine
Toxocariasis is an illness of humans caused by the dog roundworm (Toxocara canis) and, less frequently, the cat roundworm (Toxocara cati).[1] These are the most common intestinal roundworms of dogs, coyotes, wolves and foxes and domestic cats, respectively.[2] Humans are among the many "accidental" or paratenic hosts of these roundworms.[3]
While this zoonotic infection is usually asymptomatic, it may cause severe disease. There are three distinct syndromes of toxocariasis: covert toxocariasis is a relatively mild illness very similar to Löffler's syndrome. It is characterized by fever, eosinophilia, urticaria, enlarged lymph nodes, cough, bronchospasm, wheezing, abdominal pain, headaches, and/or hepatosplenomegaly. Visceral larva migrans (VLM) is a more severe form of the disease; signs and symptoms depend on the specific organ system(s) involved. Lung involvement may manifest as shortness of breath, interstitial lung disease, pleural effusion, and even respiratory failure. Brain involvement may manifest as meningitis, encephalitis, or epileptic seizures. Cardiac involvement may manifest as myocarditis. Ocular larva migrans (OLM) is the third syndrome, manifesting as uveitis, endophthalmitis, visual impairment or even blindness in the affected eye.[4]
^https://academic.oup.com/ajcp/article/142/suppl_1/A104/1771175 Eosinophilic Pseudoleukemia Due to Toxocariasis in a 3-year-old Patient: Report of A Rare Case
^Wu T, Bowman DD (2020). "Visceral larval migrans of Toxocara canis and Toxocara cati in non-canid and non-felid hosts". Advances in Parasitology. 109. Elsevier: 63–88. doi:10.1016/bs.apar.2020.02.001. ISBN 978-0-12-820958-5. PMID 32381221. S2CID 216238751.
^Marty A (2000). "Toxocariasis Chapter 27". In Meyers WM, Neafie RC, Marty AM, Wear DJ (eds.). Pathology of Infectious Diseases. Vol. I: Helminthiases. Washington DC: Armed Forces Institute of Pathology. pp. 411–21. Archived from the original on 27 December 2010. Retrieved 20 November 2014.
cause severe disease. There are three distinct syndromes of toxocariasis: covert toxocariasis is a relatively mild illness very similar to Löffler's syndrome...
more severe forms of the disease are visceral toxocariasis and ocular toxocariasis. Visceral toxocariasis typically occurs in children, but can infect...
Apr. 2014. "Toxocariasis." Parasites. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 10 Jan. 2013. https://www.cdc.gov/parasites/toxocariasis/treatment.html...
atopic diseases around the globe. Toxocariasis Fan CK, Holland CV, Loxton K, Barghouth U (July 2015). "Cerebral Toxocariasis: Silent Progression to Neurodegenerative...
August 2008). "Toxocariasis". Medscape.com. Archived from the original on 9 February 2013. Retrieved 15 February 2013. "Toxocariasis". Kids' Health....
corneal scarring, melanoma of the ciliary body, Norrie disease, ocular toxocariasis, persistence of the tunica vasculosa lentis (PFV/PHPV), retinoblastoma...
classified elsewhere Endophthalmitis in: cysticercosis onchocerciasis toxocariasis (H45.8) Other disorders of vitreous body and globe in diseases classified...
Ocular larva migrans (OLM), also known as ocular toxocariasis, is the ocular form of the larva migrans syndrome that occurs when Toxocara canis (dog roundworm)...
the fecal matter of cats, and can be transmitted to humans, causing toxocariasis, a potentially serious disease. List of parasites (human) Susceptibility...
other brain infections such as cerebral malaria, toxoplasmosis, and toxocariasis. Chronic alcohol use increases the risk of epilepsy: those who drink...
descriptions of redirect targets List of parasites of humans Soil food web Toxocariasis – Illness of humans caused by larvae of the dog or the cat roundworm:...
among un-spayed or neutered dogs, not to mention the presence of feces (toxocariasis). Dogs are known to be a highly adaptive and intelligent species. To...
Gnathostoma spinigerum, Schistosoma, as well as the conditions cysticercosis, toxocariasis, baylisascariasis, paragonimiasis, and a number of rarer infections and...
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