TEC plot for the continental USA, made on 2013-11-24.
Total electron content (TEC) is an important descriptive quantity for the ionosphere of the Earth. TEC is the total number of electrons integrated between two points, along a tube of one meter squared cross section, i.e., the electron columnar number density. It is often reported in multiples of the so-called TEC unit, defined as TECU=1016el/m2≈1.66×10−8 mol⋅m−2.[1]
TEC is significant in determining the scintillation and group and phase delays of a radio wave through a medium. Ionospheric TEC is characterized by observing carrier phase delays of received radio signals transmitted from satellites located above the ionosphere, often using Global Positioning System satellites. TEC is strongly affected by solar activity.
^B. Hofmann-Wellenhof; H. Lichtenegger & J. Collins (2001). Global Positioning System: Theory and Practice. New York: Springer-Verlag. ISBN 978-3-211-83534-0.
and 22 Related for: Total electron content information
Totalelectroncontent (TEC) is an important descriptive quantity for the ionosphere of the Earth. TEC is the total number of electrons integrated between...
its successors) enabled – for the first time – the measurement of totalelectroncontent (TEC) variation along a radio beam from geostationary orbit to an...
engineering and tracking data, but were also used to determine the totalelectroncontent between the satellite and the ground stations. A backup version...
the area figure is nominal, being the square of the height. The totalelectroncontent in the ionosphere is a quantity of type columnar number density...
positive storms have a high density of electrons and negative storms contain a lower density. The totalelectroncontent (TEC) is used to measure these densities...
Exceeds Condition, a value used in computer hard disk evaluation Totalelectroncontent, a descriptive quantity of the Earth's ionosphere Triethylcholine...
Regression Inductive Conformal Predictor and Its Application to TotalElectronContent Prediction". In Diamantaras, Konstantinos; Duch, Wlodek; Iliadis...
frequency. The principal source of the dispersion comes from the totalelectroncontent (TEC) in the ionosphere, along the line of sight from the satellite...
depends on its frequency. It arises from ionized atmosphere (see Totalelectroncontent). This phenomenon is known as dispersion and can be calculated from...
ionospheric and geomagnetic indices to refine the model. Vertical totalelectroncontent (TEC) may be derived. (A snapshot of model predictions is shown...
Electron diffraction is a generic term for phenomena associated with changes in the direction of electron beams due to elastic interactions with atoms...
enhanced geodetic measurements of the Earth as well as data on the totalelectroncontent in the Earth's atmosphere and in the satellite's immediate vicinity...
energetic solar flares. TotalElectronContent (TEC) is a measure of the ionosphere over a given location. TEC is the number of electrons in a column one meter...
Masci, F. (2017). A statistical study of global ionospheric map totalelectroncontent changes prior to occurrences of M≥ 6.0 earthquakes during 2000–2014"...
measurements on a worldwide basis. The program will determine the totalelectroncontent of a vertical cross-section of the ionosphere located between the...
Ionospheric delay is a well-defined function of frequency and the totalelectroncontent (TEC) along the path, so measuring the arrival-time difference between...
Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) or electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy is a method for studying materials that have unpaired electrons. The...
Donald D. (2019-11-15). "Geometric determination of ionospheric totalelectroncontent from dual frequency radar sounding measurements". Planetary and...
being pursued with the Space Forecast Center to use ARIES data for totalelectroncontent measures on a global scale, and with the meteorology/global environment...
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